500 DIGESTION. 



The estimation as to the quantity of pancreatic juice secreted in the 

 twenty-four hours differs very much. According to the determina- 

 tions of PAWLOW and his collaborators, KUWSCHINSKI, WASSILIEW, and 

 JABLONSKY, 1 the average quantity (with normally acting juice) from a 

 permanent fistula in dogs is 21.8 cc. per kilo in the twenty-four hours. 



The pancreatic juice of the dog is a clear, colorless, and odorless 

 alkaline fluid which when obtained from a temporary fistula is very 

 rich in proteins, sometimes so rich that it coagulates like the white of 

 the egg on heating. Besides proteins, the juice also contains the three 

 above-mentioned enzymes (or their zymogens), amylopsin, perhaps also 

 maltase, trypsin, steapsin, also an enzyme similar to erepsin, and besides 

 these a rennin, which was first observed by KTJHNE. Besides the above- 

 mentioned bodies the pancreatic juice invariably contains small quan- 

 tities of leucine, fat, and soaps. As mineral constituents it contains 

 chiefly alkali chlorides and considerable alkali carbonate, some phos- 

 phoric acid, lime, magnesia, and iron. 



The quantity of solids in the pancreatic juice of the dog varies, as 

 found by MAZURKIEWICZ, BABKINE and SAWixscn, 2 according to the 

 rapidity of secretion and the kind of excitant. As a rule the amount 

 of solids is in inverse proportion to the rapidity of secretion. The juice 

 secreted after the action of acids has the lowest amount of solids, 9-37.4 

 p. m. The juice after taking food is more concentrated, about 60-70 

 p. m. and that after vagus stimulation often contains 90 p. m. solids. 

 The juice analyzed by C. SCHMIDT 3 from a temporary fistula contained 

 99-116 p. m. solids. The quantity of mineral bodies was 8.8 p. m. 



The mineral constituents consisted chiefly of NaCl, 7.4 p. m., which is remark- 

 able because the juice contains such a large amount of alkali carbonate. In the 

 juice examined by DE ZILWA 4 the quantity of alkali in the secretin juice was 

 5-7.9 p. m. and in the pilocarpin juice 2.9 -5.3 p. m. Na 2 C0 3 . 



In the pancreatic juice of rabbits 11-26 p. m. solids have been found, and 

 in that from sheep 14.3-36.9 p. m. In the pancreatic juice of the horse 9-15.5 

 p. m. solids have been found; in that of the pigeon, 12-14 p. m. 



The human physiological pancreatic secretion from a fistula has been 

 investigated by GLAESSNER. 5 The secretion was clear, foamed readily, 



1 Arch, des sciences de St. Petersbourg, 2, 391. The previous claims of Bidder and 

 Schmidt, and others may be found in Ktihne, Lehrbuch, 114. 



2 Mazurkiewicz, 1. c.; Babkin and Sawitsch, Zeitschr, f. physiol. Chem., 56. 

 8 Cited from Maly in Hermann's Handbuch der Physiol., 5, Theil II, 189. 



4 Journ. of Physiol., 31. 



6 Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 40. See also Ellinger and Kohn, ibid., 45, and the 

 investigations upon cystic fluids from the pancreas by Schumm, ibid., 86, and Murray 

 and Gies, American Medicine, 4, 1902; Glaessner and Popper, Deutsch. Arch. f. klin. 

 Med. 94, 46; see also Wohlgemuth, Bioch. Zeitschr. 39; Bradley, Journ. of Biol. 

 Chem. 6. 



