792 URINE. 



monia; what has been designated as urine peptones seems to have been 

 chiefly deuteroproteoses. 



In detecting the proteoses, the proteid-free urine, or urine boiled with addi- 

 tion of acetic acid, is saturated with ammonium sulphate, which precipitates the pro- 

 teoses. Several errors are here possible. The urobilin,which may give a reaction 

 similar to the biuret reaction, is also precipitated and may lead to mistakes (SAL- 

 KOWSKI, STOKVIS l ). The following modification by BANG and DEVOTo's 2 method 

 can be used to advantage: The urine is heated to boiling with ammonium sul- 

 phate (8 parts to 10 parts urine) and boiled for a few seconds. The hot liquid 

 is centrifuged for f to 1 minute and separated from the sediment. The urobilin 

 is removed from this by extraction with alcohol. The residue is suspended in 

 a little water, heated to boiling, filtered, whereby the coagulable proteid is retained 

 on the filter, and any urobilin still present in the nitrate is shaken out with chloro- 

 form. The watery solution, after removal of the chloroform, is used for the biuret 

 test. For clinical purposes this method is very serviceable. 



According to SALKOWSKI the urine treated with 10-per cent hydrochloric 

 acid is precipitated with phosphotungstic acid, then warmed, the liquid decanted 

 from the resin-like precipitate, this washed with water, and then dissolved in a 

 little water with the aid of some caustic soda, warmed again until the blue color 

 disappears, cooled, and finally tested with copper sulphate. This method has 

 been somewhat modified by v. ALDOR and CERNY. S In regard to other more 

 complicated methods we refer to HUPPERT-NEUBAUER. 



MORAWITZ and DIETSCHY 4 first remove the proteid from the urine made 

 faintly acid with acid potassium phosphate by the addition of double the volume 

 of 96-per cent alcohol and warming on the water-bath for several hours. [ From 

 the concentrated filtrate acidified with a little sulphuric acid the proteoses can 

 be precipitated by saturating with zinc sulphate. After the removal of the urobilin 

 by alcohol and extracting with water, the biuret test may be applied. 



If the proteoses have been precipitated from a larger portion of urine by 

 ammonium sulphate, this precipitate is tested for the presence of different pro- 

 teoses for the reasons given in Chapter II. The following serves as a preliminary 

 determination of the character of the proteoses present in the urine. If the urine 

 contains only deuteroproteose it does not become cloudy on boiling, does not give 

 HELLER'S test, does not become cloudy on saturating with NaCl in neutral reaction, 

 but does become turbid on adding acetic acid saturated with this salt. In the 

 presence of only prptoproteose the urine gives HELLER'S test, is precipitated 

 even in neutral solution on saturating with NaCl, but does not coagulate on boil- 

 ing. The presence of heteroproteose is shown by the urine behaving like the 

 above with NaCl and nitric acid, but shows a difference on heating. It gradually 

 becomes cloudy on warming and separates at about 60 C. a sticky precipitate 

 which attaches itself to the sides of the vessel and which dissolves at boiling tem- 

 perature on acidifying the urine; the precipitate reappears on cooling. 



In close relation to the proteoses stands the so-called BENCE-JONES 

 proteid, which occurs in the urine in rare cases in diseases with changes 



cially Stadelmann, Untersuchungen iiber die Peptonurie, Wiesbaden, 1894; Ehrstrom, 

 Bidrag till kannedomen om Albumosurien, Helsingfors, 1900; Ito, Deutsch. Arch, 

 f. klin. Med., 71. 



iSalkowski, Berlin, klin. Wochenschr., 1897; Stokvis, Zeitschr. f. Biologic, 34. 



2 Devoto, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 15; Bang, Deutsch. med. Wochenschr., 1898. 



3 Salkowski, Centralbl. f. d. med. Wissensch., 1894; v. Aldor, Berl. klin. Wochenschr., 

 36; Cerny, Zeitschr. f. analyt. Chem., 40. 



4 Arch. f. exp. Path. u. Pharm., 54. 



