842 THE SKIN AND ITS SECRETIONS. 



tained 2.51 per cent sulphur and 2.63 per cent iron, which was in great part 

 split off by 20 per cent hydrochloric acid. From another liver he, on the con- 

 trary, obtained melanin free from iron but with 1.67 per cent sulphur. From 

 this melanin he obtained, by treatment with bromine, a hydro-aromatic body 

 which was related to xyliton (a condensation product of acetone). A similar 



S-oduct could not be obtained from the pigment of the hair (SPIEGLER) nor from 

 ppomelanin (v. FURTH and JERUSALEM 1 ). 



The difficulties which attend the isolation and purification of the 

 melanins have not been overcome in certain cases, while in others it is 

 questionable whether the final product obtained has not another com- 

 position from the original coloring matter, owing to the energetic chemical 

 processes resorted to in its purification. The elementary composition 

 shows widely varying results in the different melanins, namely, 48-60 

 per cent carbon, and 8-14 per cent nitrogen. Under these circumstances, 

 and as no doubt we have a large number of melanins having different 

 composition, it seems that a tabulation of the analyses of the different 

 preparations can only be of secondary importance. 



GORTNEB differentiates between two different groups of melanins. 

 The one, to which the melanin isolated by him from sheeps-wool belongs, 

 is soluble in very dilute acid, has a protein nature and is called melano- 

 protein. By the action of strong alkali the nitrogen and hydrogen con- 

 tent is much reduced and the quantity of carbon increased. The melanin 

 is now insoluble in dilute acids, like the second group of melanins. The 

 melanoprotein on hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid yields besides amino- 

 acids, a black pigment, rich in carbon and insoluble in acids. The 

 melanin isolated by PIETTRE 2 form sarcomatous horse tumors, on alkali 

 hydrolysis, yielded amino-acids and a melanin much richer in carbon 

 and poorer in nitrogen, a melamin. The sepia melanin and also the 

 artificially prepared melanin by means of tyrosinase, had a similar behavior. 

 The melanin is, therefore, according to PIETTRE, composed of a protein 

 group and a pigment residue, which is insoluble in acids. 



So little is known about the structural products of the melanins or 

 melanoids that it is impossible to give the origin of these bodies. As 

 undoubtedly there are several distinct melanins, their origin must also be 

 distinct. The ferruginous melanins should be considered as originating 

 from the blood-pigments until further research proves otherwise. Others, 

 on the contrary, cannot have this origin; for example, the pigments 

 of the hair and choroid, which are free from iron and which do not yield 

 haemopyrrol according to SPIEGLER. Several melanins and this is also 



1 Wolff, Hofmeister's Beitrage, 5; Speigler, ibid., 10; v. Fiirth and Jerusalem, 

 ibid., 10. 



2 Gortner, 1. c. and Bull. Soc. Chim. de France (4) 11; Piettre, Compt. Rend., 153, 

 and Congres, internal., de Path. Comparee, Paris, 1912. 



