848 THE SKIN AND ITS SECRETIONS. 



upon the content of NaCl. ARDIN-DELTEIL found A= 0.08-0.46, 

 average 0.327. BRIEGER and DISSELHORST found with perspiration 

 containing 2.9, 7.07 and 13.5 p. m. NaCl that the A was equal to-0.322, 

 0.608 and 1.002, respectively. TARUGI and TOMASINELLI l found A 

 to be 0.52 as an average. KiTTSTEiNER 2 found that perspiration had an 

 average specific gravity of 1.0046 and the average quantities of nitrogen 

 and sulphur were 0.5 and 0.08 p. m. respectively. The NaCl content 

 increased with the rapidity of secretion while the nitrogen content 

 diminished. The organic bodies are neutral fats, cholesterin, volatile fatty 

 acids, traces of protein (according to LECLERC and SMITH always in 

 horses, and according to GATJBE regularly in man, while LEUBE 3 claims 

 only occasionally after hot baths, in BRIGHT'S disease, and after the use 

 of pilocarpin), creatinine (CAPRANIC A), ar omatic oxy acids, ethereal-sulphuric 

 acids of phenol and skatoxyl (KAST 4 ), sometimes also of indoxyl, serine 

 (page 145) and lastly urea. The quantity of urea has been determined by 

 ARGUTINSKY. In two steam-bath experiments, in which in the course of 

 ^ and | hour respectively he obtained 225 and 330 cc. of perspiration, he 

 found 1.61 and 1.24 p. m. urea. Of the total nitrogen of the perspiration 

 in these two experiments 68.5 per cent and 74.9 per cent respectively 

 belong to the urea. From ARGUTINSKY'S experiments, and also from 

 those of CRAMER, 5 it follows that of the total nitrogen a portion, not to 

 be disregarded, is eliminated by the perspiration. This portion was 

 indeed 12 per cent, in an experiment of CRAMER, at high temperature 

 and powerful muscular activity, and ZUNTZ and his collaborators find 

 indeed more than 13 per cent in high altitudes. CRAMER also found 

 ammonia in the perspiration. In uraemia and in anuria in cholera, 

 urea may be secreted in such quantities, by the sweat-glands, that crystals 

 deposit upon the skin. The mineral bodies consist chiefly of sodium 

 chloride with some potassium chloride, alkali sulphate and phosphate. 

 The relative quantities of these in perspiration differ materially from 

 the amount in the urine (FAVRE, KAST C ). The relation, according to 

 KAST, is as follows: 



Chlorine : Phosphate : Sulphate: 



In perspiration 1 : 0.0015 : 0.009 



In urine... 1 : 0.1320 : 0.397 



1 Ardin-Delteil, Maly's Jahresber., 30; Brieger and Disselhorst, Deutsch. med. 

 Wochenschr., 29; Tarugi and Tomasinelli, cited in Physiol. Centralbl., 22, 748. 



*Lc. 



3 Leclerc, Compt. Rend., 107; Gaube, Maly's Jahresber., 22; Leube, Virchow's 

 Arch., 48 and 50, and Arch. f. klin. Med., 7. 



. 4 Capranica, Maly's Jahresber., 12; Kast, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 11. 



5 Argutinsky, Pfliiger's Arch., 46; Cramer, Arch. f. Hygiene, 10. 



6 Compt. Rend., 35, and Arch. ge"ner. de Med. (5), 2; Kast, 1. c. 



