870 KESPIRATION AND OXIDATION. 



expired air after the carbon dioxide has been removed by a suitable apparatus. 

 The quantity of carbon dioxide produced and the oxygen consumed can be ^readily 

 calculated from these data. 



Appendix 



THE LUNGS AND THEIR EXPECTORATIONS 



Besides proteins and the albuminoids of the connective-substance 

 group, lecithin, taurine (especially in ox-lungs), uric acid, and inosite 

 have been found in the lungs. POULET l claims to have found a special 

 acid in the lung-tissue, which he has called pulmotartaric acid. Glyco- 

 gen occurs abundantly in the embryonic lung, but is absent in the adult 

 organ. The proteolytic enzymes also belong to the physiological con- 

 stituents of the. lungs. They are active in the autolysis of the 

 lungs (JACOBY) as well as in the solution of pneumonic infiltrations (Fn. 



MtJLLER). 2 



The lungs have a strong reducing property, which BOHR explains by 

 the extensive oxidation processes in the lungs. According to N. SIEBER 

 they also have the ability to decompose neutral fats, while RIEHL S 

 says they do not have the ability to invert milk sugar. 



The black or dark-brown pigment in the lungs of human beings and domestic 

 animals consists chiefly of carbon, which originates from the soot in the air. The 

 pigment may in part also consist of melanin. Besides carbon, other bodies, such 

 as iron oxide, silicic acid, and clay, may be deposited in the lungs, being inhaled 

 as dust. 



Among the bodies found in the lungs under pathological conditions 

 must be specially mentioned, proteoses (and peptones?) in pneumonia 

 and suppuration, glycogen, & slightly dextrorotatory carbohydrate 

 differing from glycogen, found by POUCHET in consumptives, and finally 

 also cellulose, which, according to FREUND, 4 occurs in the lungs, blood, 

 and pus of persons with tuberculosis. 



C. W. SCHMIDT found in 1000 grams of mineral bodies from the normal 

 human lung the following: NaCl 130, K 2 O 13, Na 2 O 195, CaO 19, MgO 

 19, Fe 2 O 3 32, P 2 5 485, SO 3 8, and sand 134 grams. According to 

 OiDTMANN, 5 the lungs of a 14-day old child contained 796.05 p. m. water, 

 198.19 p. m. organic bodies, and 5.76 p. m. inorganic bodies. 



1 Cited from Maly's Jahresber., 18, 248. 



2 Jacoby, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 33; Miiller, Verhandl. d. Kongress. f. inn. 

 Medizin, 1902. 



3 N. Sieber, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 55; Riehl, Zeitschr. f. Biol, 48. 



4 Pouchet, Compt. Rend., 96; Freund, cited from Maly's Jahresber., 16, 471. 



8 Schmidt, cited from v. Gorup-Besanez, Lehrbuch, 4. Aufl., 727; Oidtmann, 

 ibid., 732. 



