APPENDIX. 



dominated over the region pelagic deposits, eminently calca- 

 reous and containing the remains of a deep-sea fauna, would be 

 widely spread. Next, in the 4>th stage, opposite vertical move- 

 ments supervening, the previously developed shallow-water 

 phenomena would be repeated. Further elevation would bring 

 on the last and 5th stage, in which, again, " the dry land (Xera) 

 appeared " (&$6r) 77 grjpd. Septuagint, Gen. i. 9) . 



The following table will illustrate this hypothesis in its main 

 points, at the same time affording evidence of its soundness 

 by showing that one of the type rock-systems is constituted in 

 accordance with its principles * : 



Stage. Lacustrine, estuarine, anc 

 terrestrial deposits . . . . 



Stage. Estuarine and shallow-sea 



sediments 



3/Y? Stage. Deepish-water and pelagic 



formations 



2nd Stage. Shallow-sea and estuarine 



deposits 



1st Stage. Estuarine, lacustrine, and 

 terrestrial dejections . . 



Permian conglomerates, &c. 



m 



Grits. 



Coal-measures of Durham and other 



places. 

 Kilkenny coal-beds. 



Yorkshire Ganister coal series. 

 Northumberland Millstone-grits. 

 Malbay flags. 



Yoredale rocks. 



Scar Limestones, in many places alter- 

 nating with shales. 



Tweedian beds. 



Lower Limestone shales. 



Lower coal-beds (? estuarine). 



Knocktopher 

 Conglomerates. 



Devonian. 



If facts could be reconciled with Dr. Ramsay's belief, I should 

 have no hesitation in discarding the Permian group of rocks as 

 a system, and transferring it to the Carboniferous. Feeling 



* A few notes are necessary in this place. The recognized rock-systems 

 afford ample evidence that the various sedimentary developments involved in 

 this hypothesis have often deviated in a marked manner from regularity ; 

 they have been irregularly recurrent, and have varied in horizontal and 

 vertical extent, in time-limitation, and in force, as evidenced by the sudden 

 and repeated changes (from freshwater to marine conditions) in rocks of a 

 formation, the presence of a well-developed formation over a certain area and 

 its absence in another and contiguous area, the dissimilarity between syn- 



