PINGU1CULA. 203 



sense of gust, is not pure English, but the Arabic ' Chuaul ' 

 with an s prefixed : the English word, a form of ' squeal,' 

 meaning a child's cry, from Gothic ' Squsela ' and Icelandic 

 * squilla,' would scarcely have been made an adjective by Ger- 

 arde), " and will not yield to any culturiug or transplanting : 

 it groweth especially in a field called Cragge Close, and at 

 Crosbie Raveuswaithe, in Westmerland ; (West-raere-land you 

 observe, not mor} upon Irigleborough Fells, twelve miles from 

 Lancaster, and by Harwoode in the same county near to 

 Blackburn : ten miles from Preston, in Anderness, upon the 

 bogs and marish ground, and in the boggie meadows about 

 Bishop's-Hatfield, and also in the fens in the way to Wittles 

 Meare " (Roger Wildrake's Squattlesea Mere?) "from Fendon, 

 in Huntingdonshire." Where doubtless Cromwell ploughed 

 it up, in his young days, pitilessly ; and in nowise pausing, as 

 Burns beside his fallen daisy." 



12. Finally, however, I believe, we may accept its English 

 name of 'Butterwort ' as true Yorkshire, the more enigmatic 

 form of ' Pigwilly ' preserving the tradition of the flowers 

 once abounding, with softened Latin name, in Pigwilly bot- 

 tom, close to Force bridge, by Kendal. Gerarde draws the 

 English variety as "Pinguicula sive Sanicula Eboracensis, 

 Butterwort, or Yorkshire Sanicle ; " and he adds : " The hus- 

 bandmen's wives of Yorkshire do use to anoint the dugs of 

 their kine with the fat and oilous juice of the herb Butter- 

 wort when they be bitten of any venomous worm, or chapped, 

 rifted and hurt by any other means." 



13. In Lapland it is put to much more certain use ; " it is 

 called Tatgrass, and the leaves are used by the inhabitants to 

 make their ' tat miolk,' a preparation of milk in common use 

 among them. Some fresh leaves are laid upon a filter, and milk, 

 yet warm from the reindeer, is poured over them. After pass- 

 ing quickly through the filter, this is allowed to rest for one or 

 two days until it becomes ascescent,* when it is found not to 

 have separated from the whey, and yet to have attained much 

 greater tenacity and consistence than it would have done 

 otherwise. The Laplanders and Swedes are said to be ex- 



* Lat. acesco, to turii sour. 



