Vlii INTRODUCTION 



disorders. No selection was made on a basis of mental dis- 

 order; this is important to keep in mind in view of the findings 

 reported in later sections of this thesis. Our group included 

 patients ranging from badly deteriorated old timers to newly 

 admitted boys from the army, navy and civil life. What they 

 had in common was some kind of a disorder of one or more of 

 the ductless glands. 



I purposely kept myself as much as possible in ignorance of 

 the glandular disorders of the various patients so that my diagno- 

 sis of their mental syndromes might not be influenced by their 

 physical condition. Only after I had drawn up the case histories 

 and divided them into mental groups did I compare them with 

 the physical groups and determine the correlations. 



The term schizophrenia I used to denote the splitting of the 

 mind by means of which the patient lives in two worlds, one of 

 reality, the other of fantasy. In simple schizophrenia without 

 projection he indulges his cravings in imagination and is at peace 

 with himself. In schizophrenia with projection he resists his 

 socially undesirable cravings and refuses to recognize them as 

 originating in himself ; he projects the blame on others and be- 

 lieves they put these immoral thoughts and wishes into his mind 

 or even use physical force on him. The mechanism of pro- 

 jection grows out of his refusing to face himself and his latent 

 possibilities for evil, but once he has developed the habit he may 

 project the most innocent ideas as well. 



In making the endocrine diagnoses not only was the physical 

 condition of the patients examined, but they were subjected to 

 two tests, the sugar ingestion and the thyroid feeding tests. 



The experiment lasted six months. After its conclusion the 

 ward was broken up and the patients were soon redistributed 

 throughout the hospital. Four months later I revisited the hos- 

 pital and noted the condition of all our patients who were still 

 there. 



