CHAPTER II. 



WARS AND SLAVERY IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM. 



1. Wars Among Higher Animals. 



MODERN evolutionists represent the social life 

 among higher Vertebrates with the aim of mak- 

 ing it the main support of the bridge spanning the 

 chasm between man "and the brute. Thus, Ziegler 

 concludes his description by a psychological parallel, 

 in which, just as Darwin did, he tries to establish the 

 greatest possible similarity between the social life of 

 animals and of man. Let us examine this evolution- 

 istic attempt in the light of scientific psychology. 



Says Ziegler : "There exists, therefore, among ani- 

 mals a social community life similar to what we meet 

 among the hordes and tribes of uncivilized nations. 

 Even wars, which have taken place among the hordes 

 and tribes of the human race since prehistoric times, 

 have their counterparts in the animal world, as is 

 proved by the following example recorded by Darwin. 



" 'Brehm states on authority of the well-known 

 traveler Schimper, that in Abyssinia, when the baboons 

 belonging to one species descend in troops from the 

 mountains to plunder the fields, they sometimes 

 encounter troops of another species and then a fight 

 ensues ; the geladas roll down great stones, which the 

 hamadryas try to avoid and then both species, making 

 a great uproar, rush furiously against each other.' 5; 



How far the "therefore," which should connect 



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