Wars and Slavery in the Animal Kingdom. 49 



the instinct of independent quest of food and of its 

 independent reception has perfectly degenerated. They 

 have become utterly dependent on their slaves. Once 

 more we ask Dr. Smalian and other friends of animal 

 intelligence: Is it possible that a being, which pos- 

 sesses but a trace of intelligence, should no longer be 

 able to combine the sensitive perception of its proper 

 food with the feeling of hunger? Therefore we still 

 maintain: A being that is physically able to eat, but 

 has "unlearned" the habit of it, is the greatest libel 

 on animal intelligence. 



The brilliant military talent of the Amazons is, 

 therefore, a merely instinctive power, which is assisted 

 by no individual intelligence. Just the most wonderful 

 manifestations of the psychic life of animals, such as 

 to a superficial observer exhibit the most striking 

 resemblance to intelligence, upon closer inspection turn 

 out to be evident proofs of the want of individual 

 intelligence in animals. The brighter the light, the 

 darker the shadows. 



The sanguine slavemakers afford us far better 

 ground than the Amazons for assuming, that in their 

 military expeditions individual intelligence comes in 

 for a considerable share. Some scouts of F. san guinea 

 happening upon a nest of some slave species return 

 with the news. As soon as the favorable moment 

 for an expedition has arrived, they go ahead showing 

 the way. Upon arriving at the hostile nest they gener- 

 ally do not rush blindly to the attack, but institute a 

 formal blockade; then, whilst one detachment impet- 

 uously forces its way to the interior, others keep a 

 careful watch on the outside and relieve the flying 



