HISTORICAL SKETCH. 35 



GAUTIEU and KTAUD have also isolate! ptomaines which 

 will be described Inter. 



In iss."), VAUGHAN succ^-ded in isolating an active 

 nt from poisonous chccsr, to which he gave the name 

 t v rot o\ icon. Tliis discovery has l>een confirmed by NEW- 

 ION. WALLACE, SCHAFFER, STANTON, FIRTH, LADD, 

 WOLFF, KIMURA, DAVIS, and KINNICUTT. 



NICATI and RIETSCH, KOCH, and others, have shown 

 the presence of a poisonous substance in cultures of the 

 cholera bacillus. SALMON and SMITH have done the same 

 with cultures of the swine-plague germ ; HoFFA, with those 

 of the anthrax bacillus; and BRIEGER with those of the 

 tetanus germ. 



In 1888, CHRISTMAS obtained from cultures of the 

 -t.iphylococcus pyogene- aureus a proteid which, when in- 

 jected into the anterior chamber of the eye or under the 

 skin, causes suppuration. 



In 1889, HANKIN isolated from cultures of the bacillus 

 anthracis a poisonous albnmosc, which, when employed in 

 large doses, proves fatal, and in small doses gives immunity. 



In 1888, Roux and YERSIN showed that the chemical 

 poison of LOFFLER'S diphtheria bacillus is a proteid body 

 which they l>elieved to be of the nature of a ferment. In 

 1X!K), this work was continued by BRIEGER and FRANKEL 

 in their memorable contributi-ui on bacterial poisons, in 

 which they detail the methods by which they isolate their 

 "toxalbumins" from cultures of the LoFFLER bacillus, 

 the anthrax bacillus, EBERTH'S germ, the cholera vibrio, 

 and the staphylococeus pyogencs aureus. MARTIN made a 

 more detailed study of the albumoses of anthrax. VAUGHAN 

 reports! poisonous proteids in cultures of two toxicogenic 

 uerms found in drinking-water, also in cultures of three of 

 r>MK KR'S Bummer diarrhoea germs and in poisonous cheese. 

 Now and SnnvEiNlTZ found lx>th basic and proteid 

 poisons in cultures of the swine-plague bacillus. 



Many other contributions have Ix-en made, many of 

 which will IK- mentioned in subsequent chapter-. 



