TETANUS. 117 



able to find the bacillus of NIOOLAIBB, and WYSSOKOW- 



ir-< il has examined an earth which did not induce tetanus, 

 Itnt which caused suppuration, and in the pus the NlCO- 

 I.AIKI: l)acillus was found to lx i abundant. With the pus 

 obtained from thnv cases of tetanus neonatonun due to 

 omphalitis KISCIIENSKY induced tetanus in animals. The 

 pus contained pyogenetk) micrococd and a short bacillus, 

 but the germ of \i< OLAIEU could not l>e detected. 



Although KiTT claims that his tetanus had 11 us is iden- 

 tical with that of KITASATO (which is now regarded as a 

 pure culture of the germ of NICOLAIEK), the former lique- 

 fies solid blood-serum and the latter does not. Bacteriolo- 

 gists generally agree that the NicOLAlER bacillus is found 

 only at the place of inoculation and that it is never present 

 in the blood or internal organs, yet SHAKESPEARE, as we 

 have seen, induced tetanus in rabbits by inoculating them 

 with matter taken from the medulla of a horse and that of 

 a mule, l>oth of which had died of tetanus. The bacillus 

 which has l>een so well studied by TI/ZONI and CATTANI 

 has certain constant biological differences from that of 

 K ITASATO. 



I'LA has studied eight cases of traumatic tetanus both by 

 cultures and by inoculation of animals. In none has he 

 found the germ of NieX)LAiEit. Moreover, since tetanus 

 was induced in animals by bits of matter taken from the 

 spinal cord, the NICOLAIER germ could not have been the 

 cause, if, as bacteriologists now teach, this germ is never 

 found save at the place of inoculation. 



P>I:II:<;I:I; has obtained in the mixed cultures of the germ 

 of NICOLA I EU and ROSKNUA< H four jmisonous substances. 

 The first, tetanine, which rapidly decomposes in acid solu- 

 tions, but is stable in alkaline solutions, prodiuvs tetanus 

 in mice when inject* 1 *! in quantities of only a few milli- 

 grammes. The second, tctanotoxine, produces i\r>i tremor, 

 then paralysis followed by severe convulsions. The third, 

 to which no name has l>een given, causes tetanus accom- 

 panied by Ire* 1 flow of the saliva and tears. The fourth, 

 spasmotoxine, induces heavy clonic and tonic convulsions. 



BRIEGER has also isolate*! tetanine from the amputated 



6* 



