142 BACTERIAL POISONS. 



the limbs. It lies on the side for a short time, then sits 

 with the head drawn under the body. 



Dogs shiver as with cold, but at the same time the rectal 

 temperature is from one to four degrees above the normal. 

 In some instances vomiting and purging have been induced. 



The following experiments seem to show that the poison 

 accumulates in the nerve-centres : 



Two guinea-pigs were treated with hypodermic injec- 

 tions of one of these poisons, the amount used being about 

 ten times the dose which ordinarily proves fatal to these 

 animals. Within twelve hours both were dead. Plate 

 cultures made from the liver, spleen, blood, brain, and 

 spinal cord remained sterile. Small quantities of the brain 

 and cord were rubbed up in a sterilized dish with sterilized 

 water, and two c. c. of the emulsion were injected under 

 the skin of each of four guinea-pigs. These animals seemed 

 to be very excitable the next day, throwing themselves 

 about violently in the cages when slight noises were made 

 near them. Within a period of from sixteen to twenty- 

 four days all died. This experiment needs repetition, and 

 it will be necessary to prepare and inject similar emulsions 

 made from other organs before any positive conclusions can 

 be drawn. 



In a study of fatal cases of typhoid fever at Bucharest 

 BABES finds that the typical germ differs markedly from 

 that of EBERTH. 



SWINE-PLAGUE, OR HOG-CHOLERA. The researches of 

 LOFFLER, SCHUTZ, LYDTiN, and SCHOTTELIUS in Europe, 

 and of BILLINGS and SALMON in this country, have demon- 

 strated the existence among swine of at least three infectious 

 diseases. These are 



(1) Hog-erysipelas, or rouget of France, or Schweine- 

 rothlauf of Germany. 



(2) German swine-plague, or Schweineseuche. 



(3) American swine-plague (BILLINGS), or hog-cholera 

 (SALMON). 



The first two of these are exclusively European diseases, 

 and their chemical poisons have not been studied. 



