s 



J. M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. 



to the straight margins of the narrow or ridge-like wings seen usually in the tubulär 

 or funnel-shaped upper pitchers. 



The color of the pitcher surface, including the wings, varies greatly in different 

 species, and may even vary much in different pitchers of the same individual, according 

 to age, exposure lo light, and soil conditions. In N. ampullaria, N. Veitchii, N. 

 distillatoria the pitcher is often uniformly green ; in N. gracilis, N. khasiana and N. 

 hirsuta it is green and finely spotted or even suffused with red or crimson; in N. 

 maxima, N. Northiana and N. Rafflesiana it is light green with sharply defined and 

 often extensive spots or blotches of a deep crimson hue; while in N. sanguinea, 

 N. Edwardsiana and N. villosa it is largely or wholly of a rieh scarlet or crimson 

 color. N. Rafflesiana var. nivea and N. Burbidgei bear pitchers that are typically of 

 a porcellanous white color with deep crimson blotches. Some species may be dimorphic 



in color as well as shape. Thus the 

 relatively large lower or soil pitchers 

 of N. ampullaria are often in the 

 wild state richly blotched with crim- 

 son, while the aerial and smaller pit- 

 chers may be almost or wholly green. 

 Similar Variation is seen in N. alata, 

 N. Macfarlanei, N. rajah. Green and 

 red varieties of the same species are 

 not unfrequent, as in N. bicalcarata, 

 N. distillatoria, and to a certain 

 degree N. Rafflesiana. Several tra- 

 vellers have commented on the fact 

 that the basal, more shaded and even 

 moss-covered pitchers of such species 

 as N. rajah and N. Edwardsiana are 

 much more highly colored than are the 

 sun-exposed cauline pitchers, though 

 the exaet explanation of this does not 

 yet seem to have been given. 



The fundamental color of the 

 pitcher may be somewhat modified in 

 appearance by local or general hair 

 coverings. Thus the green pitchers 

 of N. anipullaria and N. hirsuta, 

 also the crimson-green pitchers of 

 N. villosa may be brownish-green or 

 brownish-crimson in the young state, 

 owing to the abundance of long ferru- 

 ginous hairs. In N. albo-marginata 

 and to a less degree in its probable 

 hybrid N. cirieta, a white belt of long 

 stellate hairs in the former, and of brownish- white hairs in the latter, Surround the 

 pitcher margin beneath the peristome. 



The distribution of veins throughout the pitcher wall is in all cases copious. The 

 circle of vascular bundles that enters the base of the pitcher from the tendril, spreads 

 out into two Systems. One of these, pursuing a ventral or upper course, consists of 

 two main lateral veins that run upward along the edges of the widened-out ventral 

 part of the pitcher. From these veins pass outward into the ventral laminar lobes or 

 wings when such are well developed, and inward across the ventral area between the 

 wings to unite with one or more median veins that run up the front of the pitcher. 

 The second and more abundant system is composed of numerous veins that curve 



Fig. $, Development of Nepenthes leaf. A Foliar 

 rudiment showing commencing depression for pitcher 

 cavity. B More advanced stage. G Terminal part 

 of leaf. D Leaf cut above petiole; a petiolar base, 

 be laminar rudiment continuous with pitcher wings, 

 d pitcher depression and lid, e leaf apex, with lateral 

 lobes in 4. (After Hookcrf.) 



