.1. M. Mact'arl 



Nfiientliaceae. 



1 1 



in color. in hair-development, and in the [»resence oi' oceasional alluring glands. Ils 

 internal surlace inav be entirelv devoid oi' nectar glands as in Ihe rudimentary lid of 

 X. ampullaria, but in mosl species it is richly siuddcd witli glands whose sweel 

 secretion is attractive to inse ts. In A. ulatu, X. Hasch i<t na, X. Hurhiibjat. X. 

 VeitcJtii and X. maxitna Fig. 18 Ihe inner Imse ui' the liil is expanded into a ver- 

 tical eres! (hat is copiously covered witli glands. wliile in A . muxiniu an ad<litiünal 

 tongue-shaped or at times filiform outgrowth starts fruni near Ihe 1 i • 1 apex. Two 

 species only, A. Loi'ii ,Fig. I 9 and A. Maifirlaiu i develop long attennate hairs 

 l'roni Ihe inner lid surlace, Ihat are seattered amongsl the nectar glands. In A. tcu- 

 tacidata Fig. |ü a l'ew siniilar hairs spring [Vom the onter lid surlace. ollen near the 

 margin, but such are ahsenl in the var. inibcrbis, while the hairs mav he l'ew on the 

 inner lid surlace ol' A'. Marfarlawi. In developing pilchers that have alinosl attained 

 their lull size, the lid is applied verv closelv to a circular it oblique area. heneath 

 the as yet uniform margin ol' the pitcher. and ahove a slightlv hulged pari ol' it. So 

 tightly is the lid applied, and so closelv du the hairs ol' the zone interweave, Ihat Ihe 

 pitcher is Ihoroughly air-tighl, and considerahle [iressure is needed in l'orce open Ihe 

 lid. or to hurst the pitcher. At such a stage in developinent, one ran readily see 1>\ 

 shaking the pilchers of most speeies, thal a considerahle (juantily ol' liquid lias already 

 aecumulated at the bottoni oi' the pilcher-cavity. This lias cxuded IVom the inner 

 pitcher wall, aml is neutral in chemical reaction. 



The calcar or« spur is a shorl straighl or inore ollen curved [imcess, that pro- 

 jeets from the posterior apical pari ol' the pitcher, hehind the insertion ol' Ihe lid. 

 This has properly heen regarded as the organic apex ol' the leat", alike on emhrvological 

 and niorphologieal grounds. Thus in Ihe enihryo pitcher Ihe spur is the terminal 

 pointed apex, helow and in front of whicli the future lid originales as a usuallv hiloheil 

 process, and the future pitcher cavity as a small depression In:. 3 />'. C. In the 

 adult pitcher also Ihe vascular svstem converges toward the spur and in [iarl ends in 

 it. II is usuallv a simple filiform attenuate process, hui in several Australian sjiecies 

 it is flattened from ahove downwards. while in X. ampullai'in Fig. I :> . A. tnümii 

 lata etc. it may bear several paired or unpaired lateral processes, Ihat Ihe wrilcr 

 views as srreallv reduced leallets. 



Anatomy (Anatomische Verhältnisse). Koot system. Transverse section of a 



voung rool extremilv shows an epidermal laver wilh dark hrown cell walls. The free 

 face of each cell is considerahly thicker t hau the lateral and inner faces. From Uns 

 laver originale Ihe ahundant dark hrown rool hairs. 'Ihe cortex cnii>i>ls of Ihree 

 rather irregulär kntrs of rounded cells wilh hrown slightlv thickened walls. These 

 contain manv small single or ai. r L r re^alt^ or Compound starch grains. The endodermis 

 is a Iayer of nearlv cuhical cells conlaining small stareh grains. The pericamhiuni is 

 a single layer of cells, and from it originale man\ lateral rootlets, hui a considerahle 

 Hinüber fail to develop. The vascular bündle system is slaled b\ Zacharias to he 

 letrarch in A. Snh ////, [icnlareh or hexareh in A . />h{/Ilaii/jth<>/ k >i, Hut in any one 

 species the vascular system of the lip is letrarch. hui b\ Splitting of one or innre of 

 xylem and phloem arms higher up. it usually heioines hcxareli. The i- li prolophloeiu 

 palches (a)nsisl of a small central pateh ol' phloem cells, siirroimded liv sieve lubes. 

 The protoxyleni consisls of a lew Spiral Iraeheae at Ihe lips of the arms, 1 li.it are 

 sueeeeded cenlripelally bv eleinents Ihal heeonie greatl\ lignilied, and conslitiile a central 

 tracheidal patch. |>y cambial formalion between Ihe protoxyleni and prolophloem, 

 nietaxylem and at lirsl a limited aniouul of nietaphloein are laid down, along wilh 

 i — ü uniseriale niediillary ravs. Siinultaneously Ihe pericamhiuni reorganizes as a cork 

 eambiuni, aml begins to luv down cork. Succeeding death, and sloughing oll', of the 

 cortex and epidermis oecur. The cork developed eonsisls of several layers annually, 

 each formed of shallow cells of reddisb-yellow bue. Ihal give the characteristic eolor 

 to the older rootlets. From Ihe second vear onward dei'ided addilions are made to 



