INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 15 



by gathering the worms by jarring the vines over canvas sheets 

 and collecting them while hoeing the weeds around the vines. 



Grasshoppers. Grasshoppers appear periodically in large 

 swarms and farmers are at a loss to know what to do. This is 

 generally the case when the insects are on the wing, at which 

 time it is almost impossible to combat them. The proper time 

 to eradicate a swarm of grasshoppers is when they are in the 

 nymph or wingless stage, at which period they are slow of 

 motion and can be driven on to any kind of dry material and 

 destroyed by burning. Grasshoppers generally breed in pas- 

 ture lands or uncultivated fields near cultivated areas, and as 

 the pastures dry up they migrate to the cultivated fields. It 

 is absolutely necessary to check this wandering before the 

 insects develop wings. A great many devices have been 

 invented to prevent them from entering cultivated grounds,, 

 and by the use of smudges swarms have been scattered, but 

 these methods have generally been used on prairie lands. If 

 the pasture lands are beginning to dry up and the young 

 hoppers are starting to move, a very successful attack can be 

 made by using the poison, bait recommended herein. 



FLAT-HEADED APPLE-TREE BORER (Chrysobothrys femorata). 



Whenever fruit trees become burned they at once become 

 infested with the flat-headed borer, a yellowish-white grub, 

 with large, flat head, the larva of the 

 beetle. All trees, when planted, 

 should be placed as nearly as possible 

 as they stood in the nursery, for by 

 reversing the north side to the south 

 they invariably become sunburned. Beetle. Larva. 



Tree-protectors or a good whitewash FlG - 18 - Fiat-Headed Apple- 

 Tree Borer, 

 will prevent this trouble, if used in 



time. If borers infest a tree, they must be removed and the 

 trunk of the tree painted with the following solution : 



Unslaked lime 50 pounds. 



Whale-oil soap 12 pounds. 



Slake the lime with sufficient water to make a thick white- 

 wash; dissolve the whale-oil soap by boiling, and add this to 

 the lime, mixing it thoroughly; the whole should have the 

 consistency of cream. Apply to the trunks of sunburned trees. 



