OPINIONS RESPECTING INSECTS, C 289 



his exercitations on the generation of animals, says 

 * There are two ways in which we observe one thing 

 to be made out of another (as out of matter), both 

 in art and nature, especially in the generation of 

 animals: one is, when a thing is made out of ano- 

 ther already in being, as a bed out of wood, and 

 a statue out of a stone; when, for example, all 

 the materials of the workmanship exist before the 

 workman begins the work or attempts to give it any 

 form. The other way is, when the stuff receives both 

 being and form at the same time. As, therefore, the 

 works of art are performed two ways ; the one by the 

 workman's dividing, cutting, and paring away the 

 matter prepared for those operations, so as to leave 

 behind, like a statuary, the figure of the thing he 

 intends to make: the other, by the workman's adding 

 and moulding, as well as paring away, the materials, 

 and at the same time tempering the matter itself, so 

 as to produce, like a potter, the figure; which, for 

 this reason, may be said to be made, rather than 

 formed; in the same manner it happens in the 

 generation of animals ; some of which are formed and 

 transfigured out of matter already digested and in- 

 creased for this purpose, all the parts springing out 

 together distinctly by a kind of metamorphosis, and 

 thus forming a perfect animal, while other animals are 

 made piece by piece.' 



He proceeds to tell us, that the generation of insects 

 is performed after the first manner; the egg, by 

 metamorphosis, producing the worm; or matter in a 

 state of putrefaction, when it becomes too dry or too 

 moist, producing the primary rudiments; and these 

 again, by metamorphosis, a caterpillar, which, when 

 grown to its full size, is metamorphosed into an aurelia 

 (pupa), a butterfly, or a common fly. ' Bees,' he 

 subjoins, c wasps, hornets, or butterflies, and whatever 



VOL. vi. 25 



