20 LESSONS IX HORSE JUDGING. 



tooth is quite narrow near the gum (Fig. 4, B) 

 (which is represented by a straight line in the 

 figure) the permanent tooth is seen to be nearl}^ as 

 wide at the gum as at its upper or cutting surface ; 

 so that a milk tooth is said to have a neck, whilst 

 a permanent tooth has no neck. You will see the 

 permanent teeth are ver}^ little narrower at the part 

 next the gum than they are at their cutting sur- 

 face, or in other words they have no neck. Then 

 again the permanent teeth are very much larger 

 than the temporary ones, and are not nearly so 

 white. Then again the temporary teeth are quite 

 smooth on their front surface. Not so the per- 

 manent teeth. In the permanent tooth you see a 

 groove, or perhaps two grooves, running from their 

 cutting surface to the gum. 



18. — Having determined which set of teeth you 

 are examining, let us now consider the history 

 of each set in its turn. 



The temporary, or milk, teeth are * cut' in the 

 following order. At birth, or a few days after, 

 two central nippers appear. At six weeks old two 

 other nippers appear, that is, one on each side of 

 the two central ones. Between the sixth and ninth 

 month two other nippers make their appearance, 

 one on each side of the last ones ; and, as no others 

 make their appearance, these are called the corner 

 nippers, so that at last we have six nippers. Of 

 course, six above and six below. Having thus cut 

 the six teeth, (and we are only speaking of one 



