44 LESSONS IN HORSE JUDGING. 



very large cubical blocks of bone which have to 

 crush and grind down hard tough food, such as 

 beans, oats and hay, and therefore require powerful 

 agents in the form of huge muscles to worl^ them; 

 so that, you see, where you have such large blocks 

 and such large powers to move them, you must have 

 room or space sufficient for both. But it so happens 

 that lightness is also required, and greatest lightness 

 implies least material and with least material it 

 must be disposed or shaped according to well- 

 known geometrical laws; if you require the three 

 conditions in one, namel}^ size, strength, and 

 lightness, these geometrical laws are carried 

 out at the expense of room or space if not in one 

 direction, in another. 



If you refer to Fig. 6, A, you will see a perfect 

 model of lightness aud strength. It is the dia- 

 gramatic representation of a section of a horse's 

 head and jaws carried from above downwards 

 across the head, somewhat below the eyes. The 

 four pieces marked 1 1 1 1, represent four molar teeth 

 or grinders, two in the upper and two in the lower 

 jaw. They have all flat table-top grinding surfaces, 

 the top one meeting a corresponding bottom one. 

 Those of the lower jaw are set in solid bone, which 

 is rendered light by being shaped like the letter V, 

 that is to say having two branches meeting below. 

 The front part in our diagram being removed, we 

 can only see the section of the two parts of the 

 lower jaw each holding a molar. Above the upper 



