THE FORE EXTREMITY 61 



c. Elbow. h 1. Eii'st phalanx or suffraginis. 

 e. Ulna. 2. Second „ or coronal. 



d. Radius, or bone of forearm. 3. Third „ or pedal. 

 f. Carpus, or knee (wrist.) 



The bones of the fore extremities are of various 

 lengths, and from the top of the arm bone down to 

 the foot they gradually lessen in thickness. Also 

 please to notice that the so-called ' knee' joint is a 

 misnomer, as it is the part corresponding to our 

 wrist joint, and has the same number of bones in it 

 and of the same shape nearly, but larger. From our 

 wrist joint five lengths of bone proceed, but in the 

 horse, who is a solipede, only one length proceeds. 

 This one length faithfully represents our middle 

 finger from the wrist joint to the tip covered by the 

 nail. Now, beginning at the shoulder-blade and 

 going downwards, let us compare our extremity 

 with its homologue, as anatomists call it, in the 

 horse. You are not to be impatient and question 

 the use of it, until you have patiently waded through 

 what I have got to tell you, and then say whether 

 it is of use. The two extremities are given in Fig. 8. 



44. — The scapulae of man and horse are both 

 flat bones and both triangular bones, with a very 

 strong ridge of bone running down their middle or 

 nearly down their middle. This ridge of bone serves 

 many purposes. First it strengthens the bone with- 

 out adding materially to its bulk, just as the engi- 

 neer shapes his iron which has to bridge across a 

 space and to bear great weight, and have as 

 little weight as possible. Second, you notice this 



