68 LESSONS IN HORSE JUDGING. 



In passing forward the foot from h"' to a"' the 

 leg is 



1.— Flexed. 



2.— Dragged forward whilst flexed. 



3. — Then extended. 



Now we saw that the spinal column had its own 

 intrinsic muscles b}^ which it moved itself, and we 

 saw that this movement was a wriggle, and we also 

 saw that it was moved by muscles from without 

 itself, or extrinsic muscles. So it is with the limbs, 

 they can flex and extend themselves, but they re- 

 quire muscles which have their fixed points else- 

 where to move them bodily onwards. Now, referring 

 to Fig. 9 B, we find the limb flexed as represented by 

 the right hand figure. After being so flexed were 

 it not to be dragged forward by a muscle from with- 

 out, but simply to again extend itself instead of 

 alighting at a"' it would drop somewhere on the line 

 between a'" and h'". In order to be carried from 

 the flexed position to the position a" a'", ive find 

 a long tape-shaped muscle moves it forward througli 

 the distance we have named, and that this muscle has 

 the hones of the neck and top of the head for a fixed 

 point or fulcrum. This is a very important point 

 for you to remember. A fulcrum must be a fixed 

 point, therefore when this muscle is acting, the neck 

 must be fixed because this muscle has most exten- 

 sive origin from it. Its name is ' Levator Humeri,' 

 or, in English, lifter of the arm. This is a mis- 

 nomer, because the muscle does not lift the arm, 



