70 LESSONS IN HORSE JUDGING. 



and runs parallel with the bones of the neck and 

 its fibres are also parallel with the bones of the 

 neck, it follows that the shoulder will he dragged 

 hodily along the line of the hones of the neck. 

 Therefore, a horse having his head well up will 

 necessarily lift his shoulders bodily upwards and 

 forwards, whilst he will only drag his shoulder 

 forwards whilst galloping with his neck and head 

 nearer to the ground. 



Never forget that the shoulder is always dragged 

 bodily in the line of the neck. For high action then 

 the first requisite is that the head and neck be held 

 well up or the shoulder will not be lifted well up, 

 and so forth. 



57. — Flexion and extension take place by means 

 of the muscles belonging to the limb and not from 

 muscles having their origin elsewhere. By re- 

 ferring to Fig. 9, B^ we see a fore limb in exten- 

 sion^ and see also that all the powers (p) are applied 

 in front of the limb. In flexion we see Fig. 9, B, 

 that all the powers are applied at the hack of the 

 limb. Looking at either of these figures we see 

 that in every case X\iq power is placed very much 

 nearer to the fulcrum than the weight, the weight in 

 each case may be regarded as all the parts beneath 

 its respective fulcrum, so that it is evident that 

 speed is gained at very extensive sacrifice of power 

 In all horses' limbs, no matter what their length and 

 strength, there is always this relation of power to 

 fulcrum, so that in all horses' limbs extent of move- 

 ment or speed is provided for more than power. 



