WTTF.N AND HOW TO BiTD OR GRAFT 15 



Grafts may be taken from the tree or vine any time 

 arter the leaf of the year has fallen, reference however 

 being had to the temperature of atmosphere, which 

 should never be below freezing. The various modes of 

 budding may be described as follows : 



FIGS. 3 5 4 < 



American Shield Budding, first described by FORSYTH 

 in 1802. It differs from the common shield budding 

 only in leaving a small piece of wood at the base of the 

 bud inserted, instead of taking all out. An incision is 

 made lengthwise through the back of the stock, and a 

 small cut at right angles at the top, the whole somewhat 

 resembling the letter T. (see fig. 3.) A bud is then 

 taken from a shoot of the present year's growth, by shav- 

 ing off the bark an inch or so in length, with a small part 

 of the wood directly beneath the bud. (see fig. 4.) The 

 edges of the bark, at the incision in the stock, are then 

 raised a little (see fig. 5,) and the bud pushed downward 

 under the bark. (see fig. 6.) This work is generally 

 performed with what is termed a budding knife, one end 

 of the handle of which is of ivory or bone, and so smoothly 

 shaped that removing or loosening the bark to admit the 

 bud, does not injure the tender fibrouslines beneath. 



