determined by other general appearances and 

 indications, as distinctly as that of a young 

 and an old man, though hard work will make 

 young horses appear older, and easy work 

 and good grooming will make old horses 

 appear younger than they are, 



A young horse's lips, nostrils, eye-lids, 

 and ears, are smooth and vigorous, and the 

 whole face, and countenance cheerful and 

 enlivened by projecting eye-balls, without any 

 pit or hollow above them. The neck full to 

 the shoulders, and strong in the ridge. Chest 

 full and firm. The spine and vertebras to 

 the point of the tail, stiff, strong, and smooth, 

 as also the dock, etc. 



In aged horses the indications of advan- 

 ced age are generally evident, particularly in 

 the mouth, where, besides the teeth, the lips, 

 especially the under one, are long and re- 

 laxed. The edge of the nostrils is soft, relaxed, 

 and wrinkled, as are the eye-lids; and the 

 ears have deep creases at the butts. The 

 countenance is grave, eye-balls not full, and 

 a deep pit appears above each eye. NecK 



