46 MAMMALIA PACHYDERMATA DIAGRAM 3. 



The elephant's trunk is simply a very long nose, which it can 

 move at will. It breathes through two holes at the end of its 

 trunk, which are its nostrils. There is also a small appendage 

 at the extremity, about as large as a linger, which the elephant 

 uses to pick up small articles. It can pick up a feather or the 

 smallest piece of money with its trunk as easily as it can lift up 

 and remove a cannon. Indian elephants are not generally 

 savage, but are sometimes attacked with violent fits of rage, 

 when nothing can resist them. They have two largo teeth in 

 the upper jaw, protruding from the mouth, and curving 

 upwards. These are called tusks, and yield ivory which is used 

 for so many purposes. The tusks of the Indian elephant are 

 not thicker than a man's arm, but those of the African elephant 

 grow to the thickness of the thigh. There is a great traffic in 

 them. The man who guides the elephants is called cornac in 

 India ; he rides astride upon their neck. He pricks them, or 

 pulls their ears with a hook to show them which way to go. 



THE RHINOCEROS is another great animal which is also found 

 in the East Indies and Africa. It does not perform the same 

 services, and always lives in a wild state. It is chiefly remark- 

 able for having a horn at the end of the muzzle, which is 

 sometimes very long and pointed. Some of them have two. 

 The substance of this horn resembles that of cow's horns, but it 

 is solid instead of being hollow, so that a much larger quantity 

 can be obtained from it for industrial purposes ; the horn of the 

 rhinoceros is sometimes used to make a handle for a cane, or the 

 stick of an umbrella ; but this substance is not nearly so 

 valuable as ivory. 



HORSES. The horse family includes the horse, the zebra, and 

 the ass. The horse is one of the most useful animals to man, 

 who employs him either to draw vehicles, or to carry burdens. 



Horses have only one hoof on each foot, and it is usual to add a 

 piece of iron under the hoof to prevent it from being worn away 

 too fast. Horses have incisor teeth in both jaws, and when 

 they are vicious, and bite, can produce a dreadful wound. 



