64 BIBDS ORGANIZATION DIAGRAM 4 



3rd. The Order of the Finches. Under this name we include 

 the greater number of the small birds which feed on either 

 grain or insects, and which all fly well. They prefer to rest on 

 trees, rather than on the ground ; but there are some, like the 

 lark, which run very well. The wagtail also walks gracefully, 

 but the greater part can only advance on the ground, like the 

 sparrow, by a series of little jumps, called hopping. Never- 

 theless some birds have been placed in this order which are 

 very different from these ; and we class among the finches the 

 crows, the birds of paradise, the families of the warblers, the 

 sparrows, the goatsuckers, the swifts, the swallows, and the 

 kingfishers. 



4th. The order of Gallinaceous Birds includes a great many 

 birds which fly with some difficulty, always excepting the 

 pigeons. Some are reared as domestic animals ; others are 

 valued as game. "We shall mention the turkey, the peacock, 

 the cock and hen, the grouse, the partridge, the quail, the 

 guinea-fowl, the pheasant, and the pigeon. 



5th. The order of Waders. In this order are arranged birds 

 which have generally long legs, so that they seem to walk on 

 stilts, such as the ostrich, the cranes, the heron, and the stork. 

 Some smaller birds are put with them, such as the snipes, the 

 woodcocks, the water-hens, the ruffs, and the lapwings, all of 

 which have very long legs for their size. All the birds of this 

 order are swift runners. 



6th, The order of Water birds or Wei-footed birds. This order 



includes all the swimming birds 

 which have palmated feet; that is 

 with the toes joined by a membrane 

 which converts them into a kind of 

 oar, by means of which the birds 

 Foot of Duck. swim on the water, or even under 



water, for there are many of them which dive, and pursue the 

 fish on which they feed beneath the surface. Among the 

 swimming birds may be mentioned the gulls, the cormorants, 



