DICOTYLEDONS LABIAT/E RUBIACE-E - DIAGBAM 12 185 



in similar cases. The calyx is formed of a single piece in five 

 divisions ; the corolla is also formed of a single piece, but it is 

 very irregular ; it has a peculiar form, and seems to have two lips, 

 an upper and lower one ; and there are four stamens, which are 

 remarkable for two being large and two smaller. 



Nearly all the plants of the family labiatse are fragrant, and 

 none are poisonous. The principal plants are the rosemary, the 

 sage, the mint, the lavender, the thyme, the marjoram, and the 

 balm-mint. 



FAMILY KUBIACEJE. DIAGKAM 12. 



This family is one of the most useful to man. It includes three 

 plants of the greatest importance, the cinchona, the coffee, and 

 the madder. Quinine is the bark of the cinchona, a large tree 

 which grows in South America ; the coffee also is a tropical shrub 

 largely grown in Southern and Western Asia ; the madder is 

 cultivated in South Europe ; the only plants of the family 

 Rubiacese which are found everywhere are the yellow bed-straw 

 and the goose-grass. The last is much like the madder. Its stalk 

 is square like that of the Labiatse, and the leaves also grow on 

 the same level, but more than two together. The corolla is 

 regular, with four or five divisions and as many stamens. The 

 fruit is a double pod. 



Quinine or Peruvian bark is of two kinds, the grey and the 

 red. It has the property of curing intermittent fevers, which are 

 especially frequent in marshy countries. Instead of using the 

 bark itself, a salt called quinine, which is extracted from it and 

 possesses the same qualities, is employed. Indeed, the bark only 

 owes its virtue to the quinine which it contains. 



Coffee is the seed of a shrub which grows in Arabia, and is 

 cultivated in all warm colonies. There are two seeds, or coffee- 



