186 DICOTYLEDONS RUBIACE-ffi TJRTICACE^ DIAGRAMS 12, 15. 



beans in eacli pod which the flower pro- 

 duces. The beans have no flavour ; and 

 this is only developed when they are 

 roasted. Coffee is one of the most 

 wholesome beverages, and does not intoxi- 

 cate like beer or wine. It ought not 

 however to be taken in excess because it 

 then produces trembling, and unfits us to 

 t~, perform various duties with sufficient skill. 



Coffee -bueh. 



Coffee bean. 



The madder is cultivated in South Europe, and yields a fine 

 dye ; and it is this which is used in the manufacture of military 

 clothing. The root, which resembles a small branch of hard 

 wood, is the part employed. The bark and pith of the root are 

 of a dark red, and the wood is yellowish. 



The name of the family Rubiaceee is derived from the Latin 

 name of the madder. 



FAMILY URTICACE^E. DIAGEAM 15. 



The family UrticaccBe is another which has not brilliant 

 flowers, but which is one of the most useful to man. Although on 

 the one hand it includes the common nettle, which stings severely, 

 and the pellitory which is of no use, it also includes the fig, the 

 mulberry, the hop, and the hemp. We thus see that some of the 

 plants of this family are herbs, and others large trees. There is 



