TY l.i.i M .'xs i; s \t 'K '!' -. H t < 'l i- i-.i: i; i>l\'.|i\M i I. 



and *tamrn> HIV inserted oil the calyx, 

 which is formed of a single thick fleshy 

 piece. There are sometimes several pistils 

 and sometimes only one, according to 



whether the fruit is to produce several 

 Wild Rose. . ,., ,, 



seeds, like the rose, the strawberry, and 



the raspberry ; or only one, like the plum and the almond. 



The double rose is not simply a garden plant, but is cultivated 

 extensively in some countries to extract from it the precious oil 

 called attar of roses. Whole fields are planted with roses, the petals 

 are collected, and they extract by squeezing them a few drops of 

 this essence, which is always very dear, but which has a very 

 powerful odour. 



The apple is not only the most valuable of all fruits, but in some 

 parts of England it is made into a drink called cider. The apples 

 are peeled and pressed, and the extracted juice is allowed to 

 ferment. 



FAMILY CKUCIFER^. DIAGRAM 14. 



All the plants of the family Cruciferee have much general re- 

 semblance, but most of them are small herbs. It includes the 

 mustard, the rape, the cabbage, the turnip, the radish, and the 

 rocket. We have already described the flower of the rocket in detail 

 (see p. 172, diagram 9); all the others resemble it, and are 

 composed of four petals arranged in the form of a cross j hence the 

 family derives its name Cruciferse, " Cross Bearers." The fruit is 

 a capsule with two valves, but has two divisions separated by a 

 partition, while in the fruit of the family Leguminosa?, there is no 

 film. 



The Cruciferee are especially food-plants ; and are also very 

 wholesome, We eat the root of the radish, turnip radish, and 



