OS THE SUBMERGED LANDS 7 



or less force and violence. Nor could this have been 

 the work of long time, for the entombed bones, 

 though much broken, are singularly fresh, and the 

 time was not sufficient to allow of the formation of 

 any marine sedimentary deposits. 



In the same way that the surface rubble was swept 

 into fissures, so when any hollows or depressions were 

 present on the surface it lodged there, as for example 

 that in the old gully or ravine on the slope of 

 the Chalk hills above Didcot. Where not caught, as 

 it were in transits, the rubble was swept down to 

 lower levels and formed banks of breccia on the 

 slopes, and at the base of the hills, as in the instances 

 quoted at Mont Genay (p. 36), Mentone (p. 36), and 

 Gibraltar (p. 45). At this latter place the force of 

 the effluent current is well exemplified, it having 

 carried down from the heights above a brecciated 

 mass of nibble 100 feet thick with blocks 12 feet or 

 more in diameter. It is in a breccia of this character, 

 situated at the foot of the hills at the back of 

 Palermo, that the extraordinary mass of Hippopotami 

 bones occurs (p. 50). 



The most distinct form in which this detrital rubble 

 is exhibited in England is where it has been carried 

 over the old cliffs which fringed the coast previous to 

 the submergence. This line of cliffs differed little in 

 its position from that of the existing line, but the 

 land then stood lower, so that the beach which 

 fronted those cliffs now stands 10 to 30 feet above 

 the present beach, and for that reason is termed a 

 "Kaised Beach/' As the land debris shot over the 



