8 INSTANCES IN ENGLAND 



old cliffs, it fell on the " Kaised Beach," and when the 

 cliffs were not too high this mass of rubble entirely 

 masked them, and formed a surface flush with the 

 surface of the ground above the cliff. We find 

 in this Bubble not only the remains of the animals 

 which were overtaken and destroyed by the waters, but 

 even the delicate land shells which lived in the grass 

 and amongst the fallen leaves of the old land surface. 



There are well-known examples of this rubble, or as 

 it is termed " Head," in the cliffs at East Brighton l 

 (p. 24), Portland Bill (p. 23), Hope's Nose near 

 Torquay, Baggy Point near Barnstaple, Newslade 

 in Gower, besides a number of other places 

 which are described in my paper on the Raised 

 Beaches of the south of England. On the French 

 coast there is a fine exhibition of this rubble with an 

 underlying Raised Beach on the eastern slope of the 

 Chalk promontory of Cape "Blanc Nez" near the 

 village of Sangatte, four miles west of Calais (p. 32). 

 Besides some remains of the great extinct Mam- 

 malia, land shells, which have not yet been noticed 

 in the Brighton cliff, are common here, together with 

 a few palcBolithic flint implements the work of early 

 Man. The same features are repeated, but not so 

 distinctly, on other parts of the French coast. 



Amongst places of especial interest are the Channel 

 Islands, each of which is surrounded by the remnants 

 of a Raised Beach with the accompanying "Head." 

 As no remains of the quaternary Mammalia have been 

 found there either in the "Head" or inland in the Loess, 



1 Now in greater part bidden by the sea wall. 



