GROUPS OF ANIMALS 39 



Gaudry, the distinguished Professor at the Jardin des 

 Plantes, the remains at Santenay are evidently not 

 those of animals devoured by beasts of prey ; nor have 

 they been broken by man. Nevertheless, the remains 

 of Wolf were particularly abundant, together with 

 those of the Cave Lion, Bear, Rhinoceros, Horse, Ox, 

 and Deer. It is not possible to suppose that animals 

 of such different natures, and of such different 

 habitats, could in life ever have herded together. 



Besides, we have at Santenay a clue to the animals 

 frequenting the district at the time of the sub- 

 mergence, for on the upper slopes of the hill there 

 was, on one side, an ordinary bone-cave of Pleistocene 

 age, the resort of Wolves, while on the other side was 

 a Bear's den of the same age, with, in each case, the 

 remains of the animals which had served as their 

 prey. The remains of these Carnivores together with 

 those of the Euminants of the plain (Horse, Deer, 

 Hovidce), are now associated in the fissure on the 

 summit of the hill, whither, we may suppose, all 

 these animals had fled to escape the rising waters. 



We will now consider what I conceive to be another 

 result of the Submergence in Western Europe. 



The high-level Loess of France and Central Europe. 

 If the Osseous Breccias and Ossiferous Fissures are 

 to be accepted as evidence of a wide-spread sub- 

 mergence, the turbid flood waters ought to have left 

 other traces on the sunken area. And such is the 

 case, for I take the high-level Loess of the Continent 

 to be a deposit from flood waters ; the nature of that 



