46 THE RUBBLE-DRIFT, BONE-CAVES 



James Smith, 1 Sir A. Kamsay, and Professor James 

 Geikie. 2 Eaised Beaches were traced by Mr. Smith 

 up to the height of 600 feet, if not higher, show- 

 ing that the Kock, which now rises 1,370 feet 

 above the sea, was, in Quaternary times, an island 

 not more than about 800 feet, or less high, which 

 rose by successive stages to its present height. It is 

 more than probable however, that at some time 

 before it settled at that level, the whole of the area 

 was upheaved to such an extent that a land passage 

 was formed to the African coast, which allowed of and 

 accounts for, the immigration of the Spotted Hyana, 

 the Caffir Cat, the Ibex, and the African Panther 

 and Elephant, of all of which the remains have 

 been found either on the Rock or in the Quaternary 

 deposits of Spain. According to Mr. G-. Busk " the 

 entire fauna exhibits purely African affinities." 



At a later period, the whole or the greater part of 

 the Rock appears to me to have been submerged, and 

 that as it rose again, currents swept off its surface the 

 mass of angular debris spread out at its base and filling 

 partly or wholly the numerous fissures which traverse 

 the limestone rocks. On the eastern side the Rock 

 presents an almost precipitous wall which afforded 

 only a few ledges for the lodgment of debris, but ' on 

 the western side, where the slope, though rapid at 

 first, ends gradually, the debris forms in the lower 



1 Quart. Journ. GeoL Soc., vol. ii., p. 41. My reasons for 

 venturing to dissent from their interpretation are given in 

 the Trans. Roy. Soc. for 1883, p, 946. 



2 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xxxiv., p. 505. 



