AND OSSIFEROUS FISSURES OF GIBRALTAR 47 



grounds a Breccia in some places 100 feet thick, 

 and extending to and under the sea. It is in every 

 respect similar to the Bubble- drift or Head of our own 

 shores. It is perfectly angular ; it contains blocks 

 of a large size (some are twelve feet in diameter) ; it 

 is all derived from the adjacent rocks ; and, like the 

 breccia on the coast of Men tone, it is cemented by 

 calcite and forms a hard unstratified rock. In a few 

 places it overlies portions of a Kaised Beach. 



Like much of the Rubble-drift in England, this 

 Breccia contains very few organic remains. Only a 

 few rare fragments of Mammalian bones have been 

 yet recorded, but the opportunities of search have 

 also been few. The large size of several of the blocks 

 and the distance to which the mass has been carried 

 seaward, shows the action of a propelling force far 

 greater, it seems to me, than could result from the 

 agency of sliding snow to which it has been referred. 



The numerous fissures that intersect the Rock have 

 been filled with a similar breccia, which is sometimes 

 fossiliferous. Owing to the size of some of the 

 fissures and the inequalities of their walls, large 

 cavities have often been left, which have since served 

 as caves for the more recent wild animals and Neolithic 

 Man. The remains of Panther, Lynx, Caffir Cat, 

 Hycena, Wolf, Bear, Rhinoceros, Horse, Wild Boar, 

 Red Deer, Fallow Deer, Ibex, Ox, Hare, Rabbit, have 

 been found in these Ossiferous Fissures. The bones 

 are mostly broken into thousands of fragments none 

 are worn or rolled, nor are any of them gnaived, 

 though so many Carnivores then lived on the Eock. 



