54 OPINION OF DR. LEITH ADAMS 



discovered on the hills. Dr. Leith Adams notices the 

 broken and splintered condition of the long bones, 

 and mentions the fact that none of them were 

 gnawed. He also makes the remark that " through- 

 out the mass were strewn abundant remains of 

 elephent bones with the teeth entire or broken 

 together with fragments of bones of very large 

 aquatic birds and those of the gigantic Dormouse, 

 just as if numerous decayed carcases of elephants, 

 large Water Birds and Kats scattered about on the 

 surface, had been suddenly swept pell-mell into the 

 gaping rent " with the detrital matter of the rocks. 

 In the Shantiin fissure, upwards of fourteen elephant 

 molars were discovered, while the Candia fissure was 

 estimated to contain the remains of no fewer than 

 sixteen individual elephants. The breccia is coloured 

 by the red earth, and is generally cemented by 

 carbonate of lime, like the Gibraltar and Nice 

 breccias. 



It is probable that Malta, no part of which exceeds 

 a height of 800 feet, was entirely submerged, for not 

 a single species nor even one genus of its Quaternary 

 Mammalia are now living on the island, nor did any 

 of its peculiar forms pass to the adjacent lands. 1 



The general relation of these deposits one to the 

 other is shown in figure 6. 



South-Eastern Europe and Greece. We have 

 referred to the extension of the high-level Loess 

 over Central Europe. It extends also over Southern 



1 The Pigmy Elephant has recently been noted in Sicily. 



