86 APPENDIX F 



and stone implements of neolithic age. With these M. Dupont 

 found associated bones of Wild Soar, Horse, Reindeer, Red Deer, 

 Roebuck, Chamois, Bison, Ox, Goat, Bear, Dog, Wolf, Fox, Polecat, 

 Lemming, Water Rat, Mouse, Hamster, Lagomys, Mole, Hedgehog, 

 Beaver, Martin, Weasel; of birds, Owl, Jay, Magpie, Thrush, 

 Pigeon, Grouse, Partridge, Blackcock, Duck, Goose ; with Batra- 

 chian and Snake remains, and land-shells. 



' APPENDIX F. 



P. 40. Several theories have been proposed to account for 

 the wide spread of the Loess ; the principal of these attribute its 

 formation : 1 . To a depression of Central Europe whereby the 

 gradient of the upper valleys was so greatly reduced as to cause 

 them 'to be flooded, while no change of level occurred nearer 

 the sea. 1 2. To the advance of the great northern ice-sheet, 

 blocking the large rivers of Central Europe, and damming back 

 their waters, and so flooding wide tracts of land. 2 3. To high 

 winds acting upon soft or disintegrated rock-surfaces. 3 There 

 are various objections, which I have elsewhere specified, to these 

 different opinions. 4 



There is nothing to corroborate the suggestion of a great 

 central depression which at the assumed rate of five feet in a 

 century (the rate adopted in this case) would have required a 

 period of not less than 40,000 years and should have left 

 substantial marks of subaqueous work effected in that length of 

 time. "With regard to the second suggestion, it would have 

 required an ice-darn all round the central area, whereas the ice- 

 dam would only have affected the northern outlets. Nor could 

 any local river ice-dam have sufficed to inundate so wide an area 

 and such great heights. 



1 Lyell, Antiquity of Man, p. 383. 



2 Belt, Quart. Journ Geol. Soc., Vol. xxx., p. 490. 



3 Richthofen, Geol. Mag. for 1882, p. 293. 



4 Phil. Trans., Vol. clxxxiv., pp. 919-923. 



