260 HABITS AND INSTINCTS OF ANIMALS. CHAP. VIII. 



a less space than between 200 and 300 miles in that 

 time." * That its speed must be thus great, is proved 

 by the circumstance of swallows having been seen on 

 the coast of Senegal on the 9th of October, which is 

 eight or nine days after their departure from Europe.f 

 (272.) The periods at which birds arrive and de- 

 part are variable even in the same species, and appear to 

 be principally regulated by the forward or backward 

 state of the season. The following statement, drawn 

 out by Mr. Markwick J, will exhibit the average dates 

 of both, in several species of British birds, deduced 

 from a computation of about twenty-six years. 



First seen. Last seen. 

 Hirundo rustica, 



urbica, 



reparia 



apus, 

 Caprimulgus Europeans, 

 Columba Turtur, June 5. 

 Yunx torquilla, Mar. 26. 

 Cuculus canon's, May 1. 

 Philomela lusciniaSw., Apr. 25. Sept. 20. 



. atricapdla, May 10. Sept. 18. 



Saxicola cenanthe, 



i rubetra, 



Swallow, 



Martin, 



Sand martin, 



Swift, 



Goatsucker, 



Turtle dove, 



Wryneck, 



Cuckoo, 



Nightingale, 



Blackcap, 



Whitethroat, 



Wheatear, 



Whinchat, 



Redstart, 



Willow wren, 



Flycatcher, 



Red-backed shrike, 



Land rail, 



Quail, 



Fieldfare, 



Redwing, 



Woodcock, 



Snipe, 



Sea lark, 



Greater tern, 



Lesser tern, 



Royston crow, 



Apr. 18. Oct. 31. 

 Mar. 4. Oct. 16. 

 Mar. 26. Sept. 1 2. 

 May 9. Sept. 3. 



Sept. 27. 



Aug. 10. 



Sept. 10. 



Aug. 10. 



Apr. 22. Sept. 16. 



May 4. Sept. 26. 



June 1. Sept.21. 



phamicurus, Apr. 24. Sept. 1. 



Apr. 23. Sept.24. 



May 8. Sept, 30. 



June 1. Aug. 16. 



Oct. 20. 



Aug. 20. 



Nov. 21. Apr. 10. 



Nov. 10. Mar. 18. 



Nov,20. Mar. 20. 



Oct. 20. Apr. 1. 



Apr. 1. 



Apr. 1. Oct. 8. 



May 20. Oct. 16. 



May 22. Mar.26. 



Motacilla trochilus, 

 Muscicapa grisola, 

 Lanius collurij, 

 Rattus crex, 

 Tetrao coturnix, 

 Turdus pilaris, 



iliacus, 



Sc lopax rusticola, 



Scolopax rusticola, 

 Charadrius hiaticula, 

 Sterna hirundo, 



minuta, 



Corvus comix, 



* Mont. Orn. Diet. p. 2. 



t This instance is always brought forward in proof that the swallow of 

 Europe winters in Senegal ; but it does not appear that the identity of the 

 species has been fully ascertained. 



t Linn. Trans. 



