156 PUBLIC HEALTH BACTERIOLOGY 



sterilization ; (d) aerobic and anaerobic cultivation ; 

 (e) deterrent media ; (/) favouring media ; (g) inoculation 

 into susceptible animals. 



3. Preparation of toxins, vaccines, and sera. 



4. Post-mortem examination of bodies and tissues. 



5. Examination of blood, pus, sputum, urine, cerebro- 

 spinal fluid, exudates, and dust, air, water, milk, sewage, 

 soil, shell-fish, water-cress, etc. 



MODES OF STUDY. 



Cultures. Growth on or in various media ; liquefaction 

 of media ; gas production ; acid or alkali production ; indol 

 formation ; colour formation (pigment) ; colour reduction ; 

 proteinchrome formation ; sulphuretted hydrogen produc- 

 tion ; phosphorescence ; nitrate reduction ; toxin formation ; 

 ferment production and effects. 



Morphology. Form, motility, flagella, sporing, pleo- 

 morphism, colour, staining reactions, capsulated. 



Resistance to desiccation, dry heat, moist heat, chemical 

 agents, sunlight, ultra-violet rays. 



Optimum Temperature for growth, and toxin and ferment 

 formation. 



Pathogenicity for (a) man, (b) animals, (c) plants. 



Products of Growth in Host and Culture toxins soluble 

 and insoluble, ferments. 



Habitat. 



Immunity. Mode of production ; antitoxins, alexins, 

 complement, phagocytosis, opsonins, amboceptors, anti- 

 bodies, agglutinins, precipitins, aggressins. 



Anaphylaxis (from Gr. " against protection ") opposite 

 of Immunity. A state of excessive susceptibility induced in 

 animals by the injection of certain substances (blood 

 serum, white-of-egg, milk, etc.) 



CULTURAL REACTIONS. 



Inoculate various media and observe results from day 

 to day on incubation at 20 or 37 C. (as directed). 

 Label tubes with name of organism and date of inoculation, 

 or mark with pencil. 



