104> PHYSIOLOGY AND TEMPERANCE. 



Let us follow up the effects of alcohol on the respiration of 

 the moderate though regular tippler. The frequent engorge- 

 ment of the capillaries of the lungs leads to a permanent 

 dilated condition, with increase of surrounding tissues and 

 thickening of the cell walls. Increase the thickness of this 

 partition and immediately the free exchange of gases is 

 interfered with. The blood is not properly purified, and 

 goes back into the system already loaded with the, impuri- 

 ties it is intended to pick up. The heart and lungs take 

 on increased action, in order to compensate for the loss of 

 vitality in the fluid. Breathing becomes more labored and fre- 

 quent, and often wheezy. The whole system lacks endurance. 



Lord Wolseley, on his Red River Expedition, did not allow 

 spirits to his men, although they had to work hard and 

 were sometimes wet through for days together. What was 

 the report upon the sanitary condition and behaviour of 

 these men ? " Up early, hard at work all day, rowing or 

 portaging from 5 a.m. to 8 p.m., with a short interval for 

 breakfast and dinner, nothing to eat but salt pork and 

 biscuit, nothing to drink but tea, yet they looked as healthy 

 as possible, and when they reached Fort Francis there was 

 not one sick man amongst them." 



13. Cigarette Smoking. Because a cigarette seems the 

 most innocent form of using tobacco, it is often the way a boy 

 begins its use, while at the same time it is, perhaps, the most 

 harmful. The smoke from a cigarette is not so strong nor so 

 irritating to the mucous lining of the mouth as that from a 

 cigar or pipe, and, as a consequence, it is usually inhaled into 

 the lungs. In this manner the poison fumes of tobacco, and 

 often of other narcotics as, for instance, opium in a Turkish 

 cigarette enter more directly into the system, and not only 

 irritate the lung tissue, but vitiate the blood, and hence the 

 whole system. 



