FIRST AIDS TO THE SICK AND INJURED. 



two inches. Leave this in for a minute or two, then with- 

 draw and roll on a fresh piece, dip and return. 



9. Cuts, Wounds, etc. Having arrested all bleeding 

 according to the methods described, the next thing to do is 

 to dress the wound. When an artery is cut, the bandages 

 must not be disturbed until a physician is called. In all 

 other cases, after cleansing the wound well with cold water, 

 or, better still, with cold water and borax (four tablespoonfuls 

 of the latter to a pint of water), bring the edges together 

 closely and evenly. If the wound is a clean-cut one, use 

 small strips of sticking-plaster to keep the edges in close 

 contact. These strips should be only from a quarter to half 

 an inch wide, and from two to four inches long. In apply- 

 ing them, leave intervals between. Next lay on the water 

 dressing, using the borax water in preference to plain water. 

 Fasten this in place with a triangular bandage. If there is 

 much pain or inflammation, keep the dressing constantly wet 

 with the cold borax water. When a wound is badly torn or 

 bruised, do not use the sticking-plaster, but, having arranged 

 the edges as evenly as possible, apply the dressing as above. 

 Lastly, place the patient in an easy position, and do not 

 allow any straining on the wounded part. 



10. Bites of Animals. Tie a thick cord tightly around 

 the limb on the side nearest the heart. Suck the wound 

 well, spitting out the poison. Encourage bleeding by bath- 

 ing the wound freely with luke-warm water. If positive the 

 bite is from a mad dog, or other rabid animal, burn out the 

 poison at once with pure carbolic acid, or a red-hot iron. 



11. Burns and Scalds. A burn is caused by dry heat, 

 and produces pain, with redness of the skin, blistering, and, 

 if intense, destruction of the deeper tissues. A scald is 

 caused by hot or boiling liquids falling on the skin; the 

 epidermis is raised, large blisters form, and the true skin is 

 reddened and inflamed. The chief objects in the treatment 



