154 PHYSIOLOGY AND TEMPERANCE. 



are to ease the pain and to prevent unsightly scars. The 

 best dressings are Carron oil (a mixture of equal parts of 

 linseed oil and lime water), castor oil and olive oil. Apply 

 the oil freely, wrap the part up in cotton wool, and bandage 

 loosely. As healing goes on, keep the parts in their natural 

 position, so that when the scars form and contract, as they 

 have a tendency to do, they cannot draw and bind the limb 

 in a false position. 



1 2. Clothes on Fire. Prompt action is necessary when a 

 child's clothes accidentally catch fire. In a very few minutes 

 it will be enveloped in flames, and so severely burnt as t# 

 render recovery doubtful or impossible. Place the child flat 

 On the ground at once. Flames naturally ascend, and will 

 rapidly encircle the body in the upright position, but when 

 lying down they ascend into the air ; smother the flames with 

 your coat, a shawl, rug, table-cloth, or anything at hand. If 

 on fire yourself, do not run for help, but get flat down, pull 

 something over you and smother out the flames, or roll round 

 and round on the floor. Crawl to the bell and ring it, or to 

 the door, and call for help. Girls and women are more apt 

 to get seriously burnt in this way than boys or men, on 

 account of their mode of dress. 



13. Frost-bite. The nose, ears, fingers and toes are occa- 

 sionally frost-bitten. Rub the parts affected with snow, or 

 other cold application, in a room without a fire. If a person 

 is severely frost-bitten, give hot drinks, such as beef tea or 

 hot ginger tea, and in the after treatment deal with the 

 wound as you would with a burn. Poultices may be needed 

 later on, to remove the parts destroyed by the frost. 



14. Broken Bones. A simple break is one in which the 

 bone only is divided. A compound break is one where the 

 bone pierces the skin, making an external wound. The usual 

 symptoms of a broken bone are : The limb is helpless and 

 painful; it is very likely altered in shape, and there is an 



