ZYMO-EXCITATORS OR KINASES 111 



peroxide, and sodium amalgam. The juice stood most of these 

 treatments extremely well, that is, it could be activated after- 

 wards by enterokinase. The authors accordingly regard the 

 action of enterokinase as absolutely specific. 



They were unable to confirm the statement of Delezenne 

 mentioned above, that fibrin took up enterokinase from solution, 

 as also that enterokinase could be obtained from lymphatic glands 

 or Payer's patches as stated by Delezenne, but found it specifi- 

 cally confined to the mucous membrane of the small intestine in 

 its upper portion, extracts of the mucous membrane of the ileum 

 being inactive. 



Further evidence brought forward in their second paper by 

 Bayliss and Starling against trypsin being considered as any 

 compound of trypsinogen and enterokinase was derived from the 

 formation of the anti-body (anti-kinase) in the animal's serum, as 

 a result of subcutaneous injection of enterokinase. On the view 

 of Delezenne, the anti-tryptic action of normal serum must be 

 due to anti-kinase, trypsin consisting of kinase (enterokinase) and 

 trypsinogen, and hence subcutaneous injection of kinase (entero- 

 kinase) should increase the anti-tryptic action of serum. This, 

 however, it was not found to do, but to produce a directly anti- 

 kinasic body instead, neutralising enterokinase if it were allowed 

 to act upon this before the mixture was added to a trypsinogen 

 solution. 



The authors, therefore, conclude that the anti-trypsin of normal 

 serum is really anti-trypsin or the anti-body of a specific sub- 

 stance trypsin, and not anti-kinase. 



Activation in the case of the superoxydases is produced by 

 minute traces of alkalies, which cause a marked increase in the 

 action upon peroxide of hydrogen possessed by the solutions of 

 most enzymes and tissue extracts. 



The action of the manganese salts in increasing the power 

 of laccase, and of calcium salts in increasing the rapidity of 

 action of the coagulating enzymes, may also be mentioned in this 

 connection. 



In inorganic reactions examples of similar effects are seen in 

 the action of minute traces of copper salts in aiding the catalysis 

 of hydrogen iodide and hydrogen peroxide by iron salts, and in 

 the action of traces of alkali in increasing the power of colloidal 

 platinum solutions upon hydrogen peroxide. 



