138 BIBLIOGRAPHY 



weight for weight, the energy is almost double, or in the conversion 

 of carbon-dioxide and water into organic compounds, as in the 

 green leaf, where energy is also taken up, such energy must be 

 provided from other sources and a more complex mechanism than 

 that of the enzyme, capable of linking together different chemical 

 reactions, or of acting as a transformer of other energy forms into 

 chemical energy must be present. 



This is the part taken by the living cell, which in one oxidising 

 action obtains free energy, and in an accompanying reducing 

 action stores this energy up, at least in part, in a new synthesised 

 body at a higher potential of chemical energy than that from 

 which it came. In this process enzymes may freely be used by 

 the cell, but they are co-ordinated and regulated in the process. 



Further, in the process, a set of energy manifestations peculiar 

 to life appear, which cannot be reproduced elsewhere than in living 

 cells, and as this is the sole criterion which differentiates one form 

 of energy from another in the inorganic world, it may justly be 

 maintained that we are here dealing with a peculiar type of energy, 

 although this arises from, and ultimately passes back again into, 

 inorganic forms. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



Nageli, Theorie cler Gahrung, Munich (1879). 



Erode, Zeitsch. f. physik. Chem., vol. xxxvii. (1901), p. 257. 



Bodentstein, ibid., vol. xxix. (1899), pp. 437, 689. 



Goldschmidt, ibid., vol. xxxi. (1899), p. 235. 



Findlay and von Ernst, ibid., vol. xxxvii. (1901), p. 472. 



Menschutken, ibid., vol. vi. (1890), p. 41. 



Lielig, Chemistry in its Applications to Agriculture and Physiology, 

 Giesseu and London (1840) ; Liebiy's Annalen, vol. Ix. p. 1 ; Chemical 

 Letters (1865). 



