EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES 353 



conditions. The glycogen thus formed produces dextrose, the 

 trace of laevulose which coincidently appears in the urine 

 representing some which has leaked through the kidney filter 

 before being transformed into glycogen. 



With inulin, a polysaccharide yielding on hydrolysis Isevulose 

 only, somewhat similar results are obtained ; and with cane- 

 sugar, a disaccharide composed of dextrose and leevulose, the 

 dextrose excretion is raised to an amount corresponding to 

 somewhat more than half of the administered cane-sugar all 

 the dextrose and a part of the Isevulose reappearing as dextrose 

 in the urine. 



Lactose, which on hydrolysis yields dextrose and galactose, 

 causes also a considerable increase in the dextrose excretion, 

 but it is difficult on account of this sugar very readily under- 

 going fermentation in the intestine to determine quantitatively 

 just exactly how much does thus appear. So far there seems 

 little doubt that not only does all the dextrose of the lactose 

 reappear but also a certain amount which must come from 

 galactose. 



We must conclude, therefore, that the sugar in the urine 

 comes from the dextrose given in the food and from the proteid 

 both of the food and of the tissues. 



In about four weeks after the extirpation of the gland the 

 animal dies. As the condition proceeds, and whether food be 

 given or not, the animal becomes extremely emaciated, and, when 

 at last it is too weak to move about, the excretion of sugar 

 begins to fall and may indeed disappear for a few days before 

 death. The excretion of nitrogen may also fall, although not to 

 so marked a degree as does that of dextrose. Can this dis- 

 appearance of dextrose indicate that the organism has reacquired 

 the power of oxidising dextrose ? According to Minkowski, if 

 dextrose be added to the food during this period it will almost 

 all reappear in the urine, so that a reacquirement by the 

 organism of its lost glycolytic powers cannot be the cause of 

 the disappearance of the sugar. 



On the other hand, Ltithje and Cobb and the writer have found 

 that the sugar may disappear from the urine much earlier than 

 Minkowski states, provided the dog be starved. In our experi- 

 ment it had practically disappeared in nine days after the 



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