618 BIBLIOGRAPHY 



titles of the solvent into the tissue spaces at the same time. 

 According to Starling's view much of this in a limb would be 

 absorbed by the capillaries, and all the more if the tissues actively 

 used up proteid and so increased the effective osmotic difference 

 between the blood and lymph. We should, therefore, expect that 

 vaso-dilatation accompanying tissue activity in a limb would cause 

 a smaller flow of lymph than vaso-dilatation alone ; which would 

 be the exact opposite of the experimental result. It would seem 

 likely that during tissue activity it is the raised osmotic pressure 

 of the tissue fluid which retards reabsorption by the capillaries, 

 and so leads to an overflow along the lymphatics. 



The importance of vaso-dilatation to tissue activity is not con- 

 fined to providing a means by which more proteid can be passed 

 to the tissues. Just as the increased velocity of blood flow 

 aids internal respiration by keeping the pressure of 2 as high 

 and that of C0 2 as low as possible in the blood, so it will also 

 help the passage of all diffusible foods and metabolic products 

 to and from the cell. 



Note. The Editor would put forward for the reader's consideration a view 

 which he holds, viz. that such thing as a filtration pressure is impossible in the 

 body. In the case of a limb enclosed in the skin, or kidney enclosed in its 

 capsule, the whole semi-fluid mass must be at capillary pressure, just as much 

 as the brain and cerebro-spinal fluid are at capillary pressure this he has 

 determined experimentally. A filtration pressure can only exist, in the Editor's 

 opinion, when the body is opened at any point. The heart opens into the ccslomic 

 cavity of a simple tubular animal and circulates the ccelomic fluid by its systole 

 and diastole. The whole animal is at the same mean fluid pressure. In the 

 higher animals capillaries take the place of the coelomic cavity, but the physical 

 conditions are unchanged. The whole of the body fluids, unless influenced by 

 gravity, or the localised compressive action of muscles, or the secretory activity 

 of the cells, are at the same pressure, viz. that of the capillaries. Any organ, 

 such as the kidney, or liver, compressed by muscular action is at the same 

 pressure throughout. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



GENERAL REVIEWS WITH EXTENSIVE LITERATURE 



Asher, Biochemisch. Centralbl. (1905), vol. iv. pp. 1, 45. 



Cohnstein, Ergebniss. d. Pathol. (1896), vol. iii. p. 568. 



Ellinger, Ergebniss. d. Physiol. (1902), vol. i. part i. p. 355. 



Hamburger, Osmotischer Druck u. lonenhehre, Wiesbaden (1904), vol. ii. 



p. 30. 

 Starling, Schafer's Text-book of Physiol. (1898), vol. i. p. 283. 



