82 GENUS PINUS 



recurved or revolute; seeds of the southern typical form with a long wing, the wing diminishing 

 and the nut increasing in relative size northward. 



The White Pine of Mexico and Guatemala grows on mountain-slopes and at the head of ravines. 

 It is not very hardy in cultivation except in the milder parts of Great Britain and in northern Italy, 

 where the forms of central and northern Mexico have been very successful. The species is best recog- 

 nized by the prolonged apophyses of its large cone. 



The variations in the size of the cone and in the prolongations of its scales are many, but of far 

 more significance is the remarkable variation of the seed-wing, which is long in the southern part 

 of the range, short and broad in central Mexico, and rudimentary, like the seed of P. flexilis, in the 

 north. This makes it possible to establish two well defined varieties Veitchii and brachyptera. 

 The three forms of the species present a gradation from the long effective wing of the Strobi to the 

 rudimentary form of the Flexiles. Many of the seed-wings of the var. Veitchii correspond, in their 

 short broad form and opaque coloring, with the characteristic wing of P. Lambertiana. 

 Plate X. (leaves and cones much reduced). 



Fig. 103, Cone and cone-scale of var. Veitchii. Fig. 104, Cone and seed of var. brachyptera. 

 Fig. 105, Cone-scale of the typical form. Figs. 106, 107, Leaf-fascicles and magnified leaf- 

 sections. 



7. PINUS LAMBERTIANA 



1827 P. Lambektiana Douglas in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 497. 

 Spring-shoots pubescent. Leaves from 7 to 10 cm. long, serrulate; stomata dorsal and ventral; 

 resin-ducts external or with one or two ventral medial ducts. Cones from 30 to 50 cm. long, pendent, 

 subcylindrical, tapering to a rounded apex; apophyses pale nut-brown, thick, a narrow border of 

 the under surface showing on the closed cone, the margin rounded or tapering to a blunt slightly 

 reflexed tip ; seed with a large nut and a broad short opaque wing. 



The Sugar Pine is the tallest of the genus and attains a height of 50 or 60 metres. It grows on 

 mountain slopes and the sides of ravines. Its southern limit is in Lower California on the plateau 

 of San Pedro Martir, its northern limit is in western Oregon. The wood is valuable, its nuts are 

 eaten by native Indians, and the sweet exudation, which gives the tree its popular name, is a manna- 

 like substance of some oflBcinal value. P. Lambertiana is recognized by its long cone and by the 

 constant dorsal stomata of its leaves. 



Plate X. (leaves and cone much reduced). 



Fig. 100, Cone and seed. Fig. 101, Conelet. Fig. 102, Leaf-fascicle and magnified leaf- 

 section. 



8. PINUS PARVIFLORA 



1784 P. CEMBRA Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 274. (not Linnaeus). 



1842 P. PARVIFLORA Siebold and Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. ii. 27, t. 115. 



1890 P. PENTAPHYLLA Mayr, Mon. Abiet. Jap. 78, 94, t. 6. 



1908 P. MORRisoNicoLA Hayata in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, xliii. 194. 



1908 P. FORMOSANA Hayata in Jour. Linn. Soc. xxxviii. 297, t. 22. 



Spring-shoots pubescent or glabrous; branches becoming studded with prominent resin-cells of 

 the cortex. Leaves from 3 to 8 cm. long, slender, serrulate; stomata ventral only; resin-ducts external 

 and dorsal. Cones subsessile, often persistent, from 5 to 10 cm. long, patulous or horizontal, short- 

 ovate, or elongate and slightly conical; apophyses nut-brown, abruptly convex near the apex, or 

 irregularly warped, varying much in size, the umbo confluent with the thin margin of the scale and 

 resting on the apophysis beneath; seeds with a large nut and a short broad wing, often temporarily 

 adherent to the cone-scale and breaking apart at the fall of the nut. 



A tree of the mountains of Japan and Formosa, cultivated extensively. It is recognized by its very 

 short quinate leaves and by its nearly sessile cones. The frequent but not invariable retention of 



