70 GENUS PINUS 



42. PINUS OCCIDENTALIS 



1788 P. OCCIDENTALIS Swartz, Nov. Gen. & Sp. PI. 103. 



1862 P. CUBEN8I8 Grisebach in Mem. Am. Acad. ser. 2, viii. 530. 



1880 P. Wrightii Engelmann in Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, iv. 185. 



Spring-shoots uninodal, pruinose. Leaves in fascicles of 2 to 5, from 15 to 22 cm. long; resin-ducts 

 internal, hypoderm biform, endoderm with thin outer walls. Conelets erect, aristate. Cones from 

 5 to 8 cm. long, reflexed, ovate, symmetrical, deciduous; apophyses nut-brown, lustrous, flat or 

 tumid, the umbo often thin and, together with the slender prickle, bent sharply downward. 



This species is confined to San Domingo, Hayti and eastern Cuba. Its erect conelet and reflexed 

 cone distinguish it from P. caribaea, which has both its conelet and cone reflexed. Moreover the 

 conelet is usually, perhaps always, subterminal in P. occidentalis. 



Plate XXVIII. 



Fig. 247, Cone. Fig. 248, Conelet and enlarged aristate scales. Fig. 249, Magnified sec- 

 tions of two leaves and more magnified dermal tissues. 



43. PINUS PALUSTRIS W 



1768 P. PALUSTRIS Miller, Gard. Diet. ed. 8. 



1810 P. AUSTRALis Michaux f. Hist. Arbr. Am. i. 64, t. 6. 



Spring-shoots uninodal, rarely multinodal. Buds peculiarly large, white, and conspicuously 

 fringed with the long free cilia of the bud-scales. Leaves in fascicles of 3, from 20 to 45 cm. long, 

 rigid; resin-ducts internal, hypoderm biform, endoderm with thin outer walls. Conelets short-mu- 

 cronate. Cones from 15 to 20 cm. long, narrow, tapering from a rounded base to a blunt point, sym- 

 metrical, deciduous and usually leaving a few scales on the tree; apophyses dull nut-brown, elevated 

 along a transverse keel, the umbo salient and forming the broad base of a small persistent prickle. 



Its thin sap-wood, its very strong heavy wood of large dimensions with abundant resin of excellent 

 quality make this the most valuable species of the genus. It ranges over the sandy plain that bor- 

 ders the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico, from southeastern Virginia to eastern Texas. The north- 

 ern limit is approximately the centre of the Southern and Gulf States, with a northern extension in 

 Alabama to the base of the Appalachian Mountains and to northwestern Louisiana. Its southern 

 limit lies near the centre of the Florida peninsula. 



Among its associates this species is recognized by its large white fringed bud and its elongated cone. 

 Its leaves attain, on vigorous trees, the maximum length among Pines, but on most trees the leaves 

 do not differ in length from the longer forms of those of P. caribaea or P. taeda. A peculiarity, which 

 it shares with P. caribaea, is the deciduous scaly bark of mature trees, constantly falling away in thin 

 irregular scales. 



Plate XXVin. 



Figs. 242, 243, Cones and seed. Fig. 244, Bud. Fig. 245, Magnified leaf-section. Fig. 



246, Magnified cells of the leaf-endoderm. The dermal tissues of fig. 249 also apply to this 



species. 



44. PINUS CARIBAEA ^^ 



1851 P. CARIBAEA Morelet in Rev. Hort. C6te d'Or, i. 105. 



1864 P. BAHAMENSis Grfsebach, Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 503. 



1880 P. Elliottii Engelmann in Trans. Acad. St. Louis, iv. 186, tt. 1-3. 



1884 P. cuBENSis Sargent in Rep. 10th. Cens. U. S. ix. 202 (not Grisebach). 



1893 P. HETEROPHYLLA Sudworth in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, xx. 45. 



1903 P. RECURVATA Rowlcy in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, xxx. 107. 



Spring-shoots multinodal, more or less pruinose. Buds pale chestnut-brown. Leaves in fascicles 

 of 2 and 3, or more in its southern range, from 12 to 25 cm. long; resin-ducts internal, hypoderm 

 biform, endoderm with thin outer walls. Conelets reflexed on long peduncles, mucronate. Cones 



