80 GENUS PINUS 



51. PINUS PINASTER 



1768 P. SYLVESTRis Miller, Gard. Diet. ed. 8 (not Linnaeus). 



1789 P. PINASTER Aiton, Hort. Kew. iii. 367. 



1798 P. LARicio Savi, Fl. Pisa. ii. 353 (not Poiret). 



1804 P. MARiTiMA Poiret in Lamarck, Encycl. M6th. v. 337 (not Lambert). 



1826 P. ESCARENA Risso, Hist. Nat. ii. 340. 



1835 P. Lemoniana Bentham in Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. ser. 2, i. 512, t. 



1845 P. Hamiltonii Tenore, Cat. Ort. Nap. 90. 



Spring-shoots sometimes multinodal. Bark-formation early. Leaves binate, from 10 to 20 cm. 

 long, stout and rigid; resin-ducts medial, hypoderm multiform, the inner cells gradually larger, 

 remarkably large in the angles of the leaf. Conelets minutely mucronate. Cones from 9 to 18 cm. 

 long, nearly sessile, ovate-conic, symmetrical or subsymmetrical, persistent, sometimes serotinous; 

 apophyses lustrous nut-brown or rufous brown, conspicuously pyramidal, the umbo salient and 

 pungent. 



A maritime tree corresponding nearly, in its range, with the preceding species, but more hardy 

 in cooler climates. It grows from Portugal to Greece, and from Algeria to Dalmatia, but its area has 

 been much extended by cultivation. Under favorable conditions it attains large dimensions, but its 

 exploitation for resin and turpentine tends to diminish its size and disfigure its habit (Mathieu, Fl. 

 Forest, ed. 4, 611). Its rapid growth, strong root-system, and its ability to thrive on poor sandy soil, 

 have led to the employment of this species for the forestation of sand-dunes in France. 



The tree can be recognized by its long stout leaves and persistent brown cones. Its leaf-section is 

 peculiar in the remarkable size of the inner cells of the hypoderm, especially in the angles of the leaf. 



Plate XXXII. 



Figs. 275, 276, Cones. Fig. 277, Magnified leaf-section. Fig. 278, Magnified dermal tissues 

 in the angle of the leaf. 



52. PINUS VIRGINIANA ' 



1768 P. VIRGINIANA Miller, Gard. Diet. ed. 8. 

 1789 P. iNOPS Aiton, Hort. Kew. iii. 367. 



Spring-shoots multinodal, pruinose; branchlets pliant and tough. Bark-formation slow, the cortex 

 not rifted for some years. Leaves binate, from 4 to 8 cm. long; resin-ducts niedial, or with an occa- 

 sional internal duet; hypoderm biform. Conelets with long tapering sharp scales. Cones from 4 to 6 

 cm. long, ovate or oblong-ovate, symmetrical, persistent, dehiscent at maturity; apophyses lustrous 

 nut-brown, somewhat elevated along a transverse keel, the umbo salient, forming a long slender 

 prickle with a broad base. 



Western Long Island to central Georgia and north Alabama, and from eastern Tennessee to south- 

 ern Indiana and southeastern Ohio. It is a low bushy tree in the north, but in the south and west it 

 attains small timber-size and is locally exploited. It is hardy beyond the limits of its natural range, 

 growing readily in the vicinity of Boston. Its short binate leaves, the persistent long prickles of its 

 cone, and its tough branches, combine to distinguish this Pine from its associates. The obvious re- 

 lationship of P. virginiana and P. clausa places the former in this, rather than in the preceding group. 



Plate XXXIII. 



Fig. 284, Cones. Fig. 285, Conelet and its enlarged spinose scale. Fig. 286, Leaf-fascicle, 

 magnified leaf-section and more magnified dermal tissues of the leaf. Fig. 287, Buds. 



53. PINUS CLAUSA ^S 



1884 P. CLAUSA Vasey ex Sargent, Rep. 10th Cens. U. S. ix. 199. 



Spring-shoots multinodal. Bark-formation slow, as in the preceding species. Leaves binate, from 

 6 to 9 cm. long; resin-ducts medial, or with an occasional internal duct, hypoderm biform when of 



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