300 GENETICS 



human breeding had cost the state of New York over 

 a million and a quarter dollars, not including the drink 

 bill, and the end is by no means yet in sight. 



The discovery in 1911 of Dugdale's original manu- 

 script giving the real names and localities of the mem- 

 bers of the Jukes clan made it possible to follow up 

 the later history of this famous strain of undesirable 

 human germplasm. This was done by Dr. A. H. 

 Esterbrook, who published the results of his investiga- 

 tions under the title of "The Jukes in 1915," * after 

 personally visiting every individual whom he was able 

 to trace. 



Since Dugdale's time the Jukes, now in the eighth 

 generation, have been forced to disperse from their 

 original habitat because the cement mining industry 

 upon which most of them formerly depended for a 

 livelihood was abandoned with the introduction of 

 Portland cement. Esterbrook has recorded 2094 indi- 

 viduals bearing Jukes' blood who were scattered 

 through fourteen states. Of 748 living descendants of 

 Max Jukes over 15 years of age, he found 76 who were 

 socially adequate; 255 doing fairly well; 323 "typical 

 degenerates," and 94 whom he left unclassified due to 

 lack of sufficient information. He says : "The re- 

 moval of Jukes from their original habitat to new re- 

 gions is beneficial to the stock itself, as better social 

 pressure is brought to bear on them and there is a 

 chance for mating into better families," and Daven- 

 port, commenting on the entire matter, adds, "The 

 most important conclusion that may be drawn from 

 Carnegie Institution of Washington, Pub. 240, 1916, pp. 85. 



