592 APPENDIX. 



Hemiptera, Neuroptera, and Diptera, that these parts are distinguishable from 

 the rest. Take Tabanus, for example. How useful will the term flagellum be 

 to describe the six last joints, together of so singular a shape, which cannot 

 be described taking them joint by joint ; and in Gryllus the flagellum is often 

 compressum, while the stalklet and scape are nearly globose. In Cimex and 

 the Neuroptera, the scape, at least, is always remarkable. We want a fourth 

 term for antennae, viz., Capitulum, to be applied to Scarabceus, &c. &c. I observe 

 in Geotrupes that the inrier spinula is moveable, and the other fixed ; but 

 whether this is so in the other orders I cannot clearly determine, but I think in 

 Vespa both are moveable. I observe in Gryllus the plantula you mention, but 

 the same name may apply to it. 



" Thorax or Collar -e. I continue to think the parts that have been known 

 by these names in Coleoptera and Hymenoptera are analogous to each other. 

 The collare being connected by membrane, &c., with the tubercula or scapu- 

 laria, might on being taken off move them, and occasion the motion of the 

 wings you mention. I have taken off some this morning without producing 

 this effect. If you take off the head of a Vespa, it will carry the forelegs with 

 it, and leave the collar behind ; but I have just taken off the heads of several 

 Apes, Ichneumons, Melitta, and other Hymenoptera, and they have more 

 generally left the forelegs behind. The thorax in Coleoptera seems to me 

 exactly in the place of the collare in Hymenoptera. I have taken to pieces 

 the Geotrupes you describe, and see the piece you think analogous to the col- 

 lare ; but this piece appears to me to belong to the interior anatomy, and to be 

 part of the mediastinum, or of the strong membrane that separates this part 

 from the pectus. Dytiscus, Mylabris, Buprestis, Curculio, all of which I have 

 been examining, have nothing analogous to it, but mere membrane ; in these 

 large insects 1 suppose it is of a more cartilaginous nature. In order to make 

 it analogous to the collare, it ought to be universal. You seem to me to have 

 made out the analogous parts of Coleoptera and Hymenoptera extremely well ; 

 but what answers to the mesostethium appears to me not so very small, for it 

 seems to me to extend more than half way towards the wings. The term 

 dorsum might give place for post-collare, then we should have thorax and 

 metathorax, collare and post-collare, and pectus and postpectus, which would 

 give concinnity to our terms. The part you notice in Vespa, as succeeding 

 the scutellum, and to which your accurate eye has discovered an analogous 

 part under the scutellum of Geotrupes, might be called antelumbium, or post- 

 scutellum, as you suggest. This part seems not to be separated by a suture, 

 but only by an impressed line in Vespa ; but a suture distinguishes it in some 

 genera : it is not very obvious in Apis, By the term lumbi we agreed to dis- 

 tinguish the parts that lie on each side of the channel that runs from the 

 antelumbium to the abdomen. The channel itself, which in Coleopterous in- 

 sects has often an elevated line running through it, or kind of vertebras, we 

 called interlumbium : this part exactly represents the loins with the back bone 

 between them. We did wrong when we constructed our termini anatomici, in 

 not making definitions when we named them, for I forget exactly now what 

 we meant byfemorale, unless we proposed to distinguish by it the dilated flat 

 coxas of the posterior legs in Dytiscus and Buprestis. The intercosta was 

 intended for a piece observable in Buprestis vittata, which is between the 

 mesostethium and the posterior coxaa. The term costula was intended for a 

 little piece which seemed inserted between the scapularia and the peristethium 

 in the same Buprestis; but it is dubious whether they exist, and therefore I 

 think with you we may strike out these terms. I see that it would be very 

 convenient to have a term to distinguish sides from edge : in English we can 

 say very well, sides deflexed, edge rounded. Perhaps, in Latin we might say, 

 lareribus deflexis, acie rotundata ; but even this might be liable to be misun- 



